8.8: Chapter 8 Review
- Page ID
- 147322
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)SECTION 8.8 PROBLEM SET: CHAPTER REVIEW
Sample Spaces and Probability (8.1)
- Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the dice is
- four
- five
- A card is drawn from a standard deck. Find the following probabilities:
- P(a jack or a king)
- P(a jack or a spade)
- A jar contains 3 red, 4 white, and 5 blue marbles. If a marble is chosen at random, find the following probabilities:
- P(red or blue)
- P(not blue)
- A family has four children. Find the following probabilities:
- P(All boys)
- P(1 boy and 3 girls)
Mutually Exclusive Events and the Addition Rule (8.2)
- At a college, twenty percent of the students take history, thirty percent take math, and ten percent take both. What percent of the students take at least one of these two courses?
- A student feels that her probability of passing accounting is .62, of passing mathematics is .45, and her passing accounting or mathematics is .85. Find the probability that the student passes both accounting and math.
- If \(P(E) = .6\) and \(P(F) = .4\) and E and F are mutually exclusive, find \(P\)(E and F).
Probability Using Tree Diagrams and Combinations (8.3)
- A basket contains 3 red and 2 yellow apples. Two apples are chosen at random. Find the following probabilities:
- P(one red, one yellow)
- P(at least one red)
- Jar I contains 1 red and 3 white, and Jar II contains 2 red and 3 white marbles. A marble is drawn from Jar I and put in Jar II. Now if one marble is drawn from Jar II, what is the probability that it is a red marble?
- Five cards are drawn from a deck. Find the probability of obtaining
- four cards of a single suit
- two cards of one suit, two of another suit, and one from the remaining
- a pair(e.g. two aces and three other cards)
- a straight flush(five in a row of a single suit but not a royal flush)
- A trade delegation consists of four Americans, three Japanese and two Germans. Three people are chosen at random. Find the following probabilities:
- P(two Americans and one Japanese)
- P(at least one American)
- P(One of each nationality)
- P(no German)
- Suppose that 60% of the voters in California intend to vote Democratic in the next election. If we choose five people at random, what is the probability that at least four will vote Democratic?
- A basketball player has a .70 chance of sinking a basket on a free throw. What is the probability that he will sink at least 4 baskets in six shots?
Conditional Probability (8.4)
- If \(P(E) = .4\) and \(P(F | E) = .5\), find \(P\)(E and F).
- If \(P(E) = .6\) and \(P\)(E and F) = .3, find \(P(F | E)\).
- Consider a family of three children. Find the following:
- P(children of both sexes | first born is a boy)
- P(all girls | children of both sexes)
- A college has found that 20% of its students take advanced math courses, 40% take advanced English courses and 15% take both advanced math and advanced English courses. If a student is selected at random, what is the probability that
- the student is taking English given that they are taking math?
- the student is taking math or English?
- At a clothing outlet 20% of the clothes are irregular, 10% have at least a button missing and 4% are both irregular and have a button missing. If Martha found a dress that has a button missing, what is the probability that it is irregular?
Bayes Formula (8.5)
- Suppose a test is given to determine if a person is infected with HIV. If a person is infected with HIV, the test will detect it in 90% of the cases; and if the person is not infected with HIV, the test will show a positive result 3% of the time. If we assume that 2% of the population is actually infected with HIV, what is the probability that a person obtaining a positive result is actually infected with HIV?
- Two machines make all the products in a factory, with the first machine making 30% of the products and the second 70%. The first machine makes defective products 3% of the time and the second machine 5% of the time.
- Overall what percent of the products made are defective?
- If a defective product is found, what is the probability that it was made on the second machine?
- An instructor in a finite math course estimates that a student who does his homework has a 90% of chance of passing the course, while a student who does not do the homework has only a 20% chance of passing the course. It has been determined that 60% of the students in a large class do their homework.
- What percent of all the students will pass?
- If a student passes, what is the probability that he did the homework?
Independent Events (8.6)
- If \(P(E)=.5\) and \(P(F)=.3\) and E and F are independent, find \(P(E \cup F)\).
- If \(P(F)=.9\) and \(P(E | F)=.36\) and E and F are independent, find \(P(E)\).
- If \(P(E)=.4\) and \(P\)(E or F) =.9 and E and F are independent, find \(P(F)\).
- If \(P(E ) = .3\) and \(P(F) = .4\) and E and F are independent, find \(P(E | F)\).
- The following table shows a distribution of drink preferences by gender.
Coke(C)
Pepsi(P)
Seven Up(S)
TOTALS
Male(M)
60
50
22
132
Female(F)
50
40
18
108
TOTALS
110
90
40
240
The events M, F, C, P and S are defined as Male, Female, Coca Cola, Pepsi, and Seven Up, respectively. Find the following:
- P(F | S)
- P( P | F)
- P(C | M)
- P(M | P \(\cup\) C)
- Are the events F and S mutually exclusive?
- Are the events F and S independent?
Expected Value (8.7)
- A stock has a 50% chance of a 10% gain, a 30% chance of no gain, and otherwise it will lose 8%. Find the expected return.
- In an evening finite math class of 30 students, it was discovered that 5 students were of age 20, 8 students were about 25 years old, 10 students were close to 30, 4 students were 35, 2 students were 40 and one student 55. What is the average age of a student in this class?
- Jar I contains 4 marbles of which one is red, and Jar II contains 6 marbles of which 3 are red. Katy selects a jar and then chooses a marble. If the marble is red, she gets paid 3 dollars, otherwise she loses a dollar. If she plays this game ten times, what is her expected payoff?