
# 3.3E: Exercises


## Exercises

Exercise $$\PageIndex{1}$$

In Exercises 1–11 a direction field is drawn for the given equation. Sketch some integral curves.

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Exercise $$\PageIndex{2}$$

In Exercises 12-22 construct a direction field and plot some integral curves in the indicated rectangular region.

12. $$y'=y(y-1); \quad \{-1\le x\le 2,\ -2\le y\le2\}$$

13. $$y'=2-3xy; \quad \{-1\le x\le 4,\ -4\le y\le4\}$$

14. $$y'=xy(y-1); \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -4\le y\le 4\}$$

15. $$y'=3x+y; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ 0\le y\le 4\}$$

16. $$y'=y-x^3; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -2\le y\le 2\}$$

17.$$y'=1-x^2-y^2; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -2\le y\le 2\}$$

18. $$y'=x(y^2-1); \quad \{-3\le x\le3,\ -3\le y\le 2\}$$

19. $$y'={x\over y(y^2-1)}; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -2\le y\le 2\}$$

20. $$y'={xy^2\over y-1}; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -1\le y\le 4\}$$

21. $$y'={x(y^2-1)\over y}; \quad \{-1\le x\le1,\ -2\le y\le 2\}$$

22. $$y'=-{x^2+y^2\over1-x^2-y^2}; \quad \{-2\le x\le2,\ -2\le y\le 2\}$$

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Exercise $$\PageIndex{3}$$

23. By suitably renaming the constants and dependent variables in the equations A: $$T' = -k(T-T_m)$$ and B: $$G'=-\lambda G+r$$ discussed in connection with Newton's

law of cooling and absorption of glucose in the body, we can write both as C: $$y'=- ay+b$$ where $$a$$ is a positive constant and $$b$$ is an arbitrary constant. Thus, (A) is of the form (C) with $$y=T$$, $$a=k$$, and $$b=kT_m$$, and (B) is of the form (C) with $$y=G$$, $$a=\lambda$$, and $$b=r$$. We'll encounter equations of the form (C) in many other applications.

Choose a positive $$a$$ and an arbitrary $$b$$. Construct a direction field and plot some integral curves for (C) in a rectangular region of the form $$\{0\le t\le T,\ c\le y\le d\}$$ of the $$ty$$-plane.

Vary $$T$$, $$c$$, and $$d$$ until you discover a common property of all the solutions of (C). Repeat this experiment with various choices of $$a$$ and $$b$$ until you can state this property precisely in terms of $$a$$ and $$b$$.

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Exercise $$\PageIndex{4}$$

24. By suitably renaming the constants and dependent variables in the equations A: $$P'=aP(1-\alpha P)$$ and B: $$I'=rI(S-I)$$ discussed in connection with Verhulst's population model and the spread of an epidemic, we can write both in the form C: $$y'=ay-by^2$$ where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are positive constants. Thus, (A) is of the form (C) with $$y=P$$, $$a=a$$, and $$b=a\alpha$$, and (B) is of the form (C) with $$y=I$$, $$a=rS$$, and $$b=r$$. Later, we'll encounter equations of the form (C) in other applications..

(a) Choose positive numbers $$a$$ and $$b$$. Construct a direction field and plot some integral curves for (C) in a rectangular region of the form $$\{0\le t\le T,\ 0\le y\le d\}$$ of the $$ty$$-plane. Vary $$T$$ and $$d$$ until you discover a common property of all solutions of (C) with $$y(0)>0$$. Repeat this experiment with various choices of $$a$$ and $$b$$ until you can state this property precisely in terms of $$a$$ and $$b$$.

(b) Choose positive numbers $$a$$ and $$b$$. Construct a direction field and plot some integral curves for (C) in a rectangular region of the form $$\{0\le t\le T,\ c\le y\le 0\}$$ of the $$ty$$-plane. Vary $$a$$, $$b$$, $$T$$ and $$c$$ until you discover a common property of all solutions of (C) with $$y(0)<0$$.