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9.8E: Exercises

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    26279
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    Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    For the following exercises, use a computer algebraic system (CAS) and the divergence theorem to evaluate surface integral \(\int_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, ds\) for the given choice of \(\vecs{F}\) and the boundary surface \(S\). For each closed surface, assume \(\vecs{N}\) is the outward unit normal vector.

    1. [T] \(\vecs{F}x,y,z) = x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\); \(S\) is the surface of cube \(0 \leq x \leq 1, \, 0 \leq y \leq 1, \, 0 < z \leq 1\).

    2. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (\cos yz) \, \hat{ \mathbf i} + e^{xz} \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 3z^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\); \(S\) is the surface of hemisphere \(z = \sqrt{4 - x^2 - y^2}\) together with disk \(x^2 + y^2 \leq 4\) in the xy-plane.

    Answer

    \[\int_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, ds = 75.3982\]

    3. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (x^2 + y^2 - x^2) \, \hat{ \mathbf i} + x^2 y \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 3z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}; \) \(S\) is the surface of the five faces of unit cube \(0 \leq x \leq 1, \, 0 \leq y \leq 1, \, 0 < z \leq 1.\)

    4. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}; \) \(S\) is the surface of paraboloid \(z = x^2 + y^2\) for \(0 \leq z \leq 9\).

    Answer

    \[\int_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, ds = 127.2345\

    5. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^2\, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ y^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\); \(S\)is the surface of sphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4\).

    6. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (z^2 - 1)\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\); \(S\)is the surface of the solid bounded by cylinder \( x^2 + y^2 = 4\) and planes \(z = 0\) and \(z = 1\).

    Answer

    \[\int_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, ds = 37.699\]

    7. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^2\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf j}+ z^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\); \(S\) is the surface bounded above by sphere \(\rho = 2\) and below by cone \(\varphi = \dfrac{\pi}{4}\) in spherical coordinates. (Think of \(S\) as the surface of an “ice cream cone.”)

    8. [T] \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^3\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y^3 \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 3a^2z \, \hat{ \mathbf k} \, (constant \, a > 0)\); \(S\) is the surface bounded by cylinder \(x^2 + y^2 = a^2\) and planes \(z = 0\) and \(z = 1\).

    Answer

    \[\int_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, ds = \dfrac{9\pi a^4}{2}\]

    9. [T] Surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(S\) is the solid bounded by paraboloid \(z = x^2 + y^2\) and plane \(z = 4\), and \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (x + y^2z^2)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (y + z^2x^2)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (z + x^2y^2) \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\)

    10. [T] Use a CAS and the divergence theorem to calculate flux \(\iint_S\vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (x^3 + y^3)\, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ (y^3 + z^3)j\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (z^3 + x^3)\, \hat{ \mathbf k} \) and \(S\) is a sphere with center (0, 0) and radius 2.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 241.2743\]

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    1. Use the divergence theorem to calculate surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (e^{y^2} \, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (y + \sin (z^2))\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (z - 1)\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is upper hemisphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1, \, z \geq 0\), oriented upward.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= \dfrac{\pi}{3}\

    2. Use the divergence theorem to calculate surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^4\, \hat{ \mathbf i} - x^3z^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 4xy^2z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the surface bounded by cylinder \(x^2 + y^2 = 1\) and planes \(z = x + 2\) and \(z = 0\).

    3. Use the divergence theorem to calculate surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), when \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^2z^3\, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ 2xyz^3\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + xz^4 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the surface of the box with vertices \((\pm 1, \, \pm 2, \, \pm 3)\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 0\]

    4. Use the divergence theorem to calculate surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), when \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = z \, tan^{-1} (y^2)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + z^3 \ln(x^2 + 1)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is a part of paraboloid \(x^2 + y^2 + z = 2\) that lies above plane \(z = 1\) and is oriented upward.

    5. Use the divergence theorem to compute the value of flux integral\(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (y^3 + 3x)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (xz + y)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + [z + x^4 \cos (x^2y)]\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the area of the region bounded by \(x^2 + y^2 = 1, \, x \geq 0, \, y \geq 0\), and \(0 \leq z \leq 1\).

    A vector field in three dimensions, with focus on the area with x > 0, y>0, and z>0. A quarter of a cylinder is drawn with center on the z axis. The arrows have positive x, y, and z components; they point away from the origin.

    6. Use the divergence theorem to compute flux integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} - z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) consists of the union of paraboloid \(y = x^2 + z^2, \, 0 \leq y \leq 1\), and disk \(x^2 + z^2 \leq 1, \, y = 1\), oriented outward. What is the flux through just the paraboloid?

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= -\pi\]

    7. Use the divergence theorem to compute flux integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x \, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ y \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z^4 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is a part of cone \(z = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}\) beneath top plane \(z = 1\) oriented downward.

    8. Use the divergence theorem to calculate surface integral \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\)for \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^4 \, \hat{ \mathbf i}- x^3z^2\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 4xy^2 z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\), where \(S\) is the surface bounded by cylinder \(x^2 + y^2 = 1\) and planes \(z = x + 2\) and \(z = 0\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= \dfrac{2\pi}{3}\]

    9. Consider \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^2\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + xy\, \hat{ \mathbf j}+ (z + 1)\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\). Let E be the solid enclosed by paraboloid \(z = 4 - x^2 - y^2\) and plane \(z = 0\) with normal vectors pointing outside E. Compute flux F across the boundary of E using the divergence theorem.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)

    For the following exercises, use a CAS along with the divergence theorem to compute the net outward flux for the fields across the given surfaces \(S\).

    1. [T] \(\vecs{F}= \langle x,\, -2y, \, 3z \rangle; \) \(S\) is sphere \(\{(x,y,z) : x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 6 \}\).

    Answer

    \(15\sqrt{6}\pi\

    2. [T] \(\vecs{F} = \langle x, \, 2y, \, z \rangle\); \(S\) is the boundary of the tetrahedron in the first octant formed by plane \(x + y + z = 1\).

    3. [T[ \(\vecs{F}= \langle y - 2x, \, x^3 - y, \, y^2 - z \rangle\); \(S\) is sphere \(\{(x,y,z) : x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4\}.\)

    Answer

    \(-\dfrac{128}{3} \pi\)

    4. [T] \(\vecs{F} = \langle x,y,z \rangle\); \(S\) is the surface of paraboloid \(z = 4 - x^2 - y^2\), for \(z \geq 0\), plus its base in the xy-plane.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\)

    For the following exercises, use a CAS and the divergence theorem to compute the net outward flux for the vector fields across the boundary of the given regions \(D\).

    1. [T] \(\vecs{F} = \langle z - x, \, x - y, \, 2y - z \rangle\); \(D\) is the region between spheres of radius 2 and 4 centered at the origin.

    Answer

    \(-703.7168\

    2. [T] \(\vecs{F} = \dfrac{r}{|r|} = \dfrac{\langle x,y,z\rangle}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\); \(D\) is the region between spheres of radius 1 and 2 centered at the origin.

    3.[T] \(\vecs{F} = \langle x^2, \, -y^2, \, z^2 \rangle\); \(D\) is the region in the first octant between planes \(z = 4 - x - y\) and \(z = 2 - x - y\).

    Answer

    20

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\)

    1. Let \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = 2x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} - 3xy\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + xz^2\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\). Use the divergence theorem to calculate \(\iint_S F \cdot dS\), where \(S\) is the surface of the cube with corners at \((0,0,0), \, (1,0,0), \, (0,1,0), \, (1,1,0), \, (0,0,1), \, (1,0,1), \, (0,1,1)\), and \((1,1,1)\), oriented outward.

    2. Use the divergence theorem to find the outward flux of field \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (x^3 - 3y)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (2yz + 1)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + xyz \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) through the cube bounded by planes \(x = \pm 1, \, y = \pm 1, \) and \(z = \pm 1\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 8\]

    3. Let \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = 2x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} - 3y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 5z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and let \(S\) be hemisphere \(z = \sqrt{9 - x^2 - y^2}\) together with disk \(x^2 + y^2 \leq 9\) in the xy-plane. Use the divergence theorem.

    4. Evaluate \(\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\), where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^2\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + xy \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + x^3y^3 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the surface consisting of all faces except the tetrahedron bounded by plane \(x + y + z = 1\)and the coordinate planes, with outward unit normal vector \(\vecs{N}\).

    A vector field in three dimensions, with arrows becoming larger the further away from the origin they are, especially in their x components. S is the surface consisting of all faces except the tetrahedron bounded by the plane x + y + z = 1. As such, a portion of the given plane, the (x, y) plane, the (x, z) plane, and the (y, z) plane are shown. The arrows point towards the origin for negative x components, away from the origin for positive x components, down for positive x and negative y components, as well as positive y and negative x components, and for positive x and y components, as well as negative x and negative y components.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS} = \dfrac{1}{8}\

    5. Find the net outward flux of field \(F = \langle bz - cy, \, cx - az, \, ay - bx \rangle\) across any smooth closed surface in \(R^3\) where a, b, and c are constants.

    6. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate \[\iint_S ||R||R \cdot n \, ds,\] where \(R(x,y,z) = x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is sphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = a^2\), with constant \(a > 0\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S ||R||R \cdot n \, ds = 4\pi a^4\]

    7. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = y^2 z\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y^3\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + xz\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the boundary of the cube defined by \(-1 \leq x \leq 1, \, -1 \leq y \leq 1\), and \(0 \leq z \leq 2\).

    8. Let R be the region defined by \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 \leq 1\). Use the divergence theorem to find \[\iiint_R z^2 dV.\]

    Answer

    \[\iiint_R z^2 dV = \dfrac{4\pi}{15}\]

    9. Let E be the solid bounded by the xy-plane and paraboloid \(z = 4 - x^2 - y^2\) so that \(S\) is the surface of the paraboloid piece together with the disk in the xy-plane that forms its bottom. If \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (xz \, \sin(yz) + x^3) \, \hat{ \mathbf i} + \cos (yz)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (3zy^2 - e^{x^2+y^2})\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\), find \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\] using the divergence theorem.

    A vector field in three dimensions with all of the arrows pointing down. They seem to follow the path of the paraboloid drawn opening down with vertex at the origin. S is the surface of this paraboloid and the disk in the (x, y) plane that forms its bottom.

    10. Let E be the solid unit cube with diagonally opposite corners at the origin and (1, 1, 1), and faces parallel to the coordinate planes. Let S be the surface of E, oriented with the outward-pointing normal. Use a CAS to find \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}\] using the divergence theorem if \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = 2xy\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + 3ye^z\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + x \, \sin z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 6.5759\

    11. Use the divergence theorem to calculate the flux of \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x^3\, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ y^3\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z^3\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) through sphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1\).

    12. Find \[\iint_S F \cdot dS,\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x \, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ y\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the outwardly oriented surface obtained by removing cube \([1,2] \times [1,2] \times [1,2]\) from cube \([0,2] \times [0,2] \times [0,2]\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 21\]

    13. Consider radial vector field \(F = \dfrac{r}{|r|} = \dfrac{\langle x,y,z \rangle}{(x^2+y^2+z^2)^{1/2}}\). Compute the surface integral, where \(S\) is the surface of a sphere of radius a centered at the origin.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\)

    1. Compute the flux of water through parabolic cylinder \(S : y = x^2\), from \(0 \leq x \leq 2, \, 0 \leq z \leq 3\), if the velocity vector is \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = 3z^2\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + 6\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 6xz \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= 72\]

    2. [T} Use a CAS to find the flux of vector field \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = z \, \hat{ \mathbf i} + z \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) across the portion of hyperboloid \(x^2 + y^2 = z^2 + 1\) between planes \(z = 0\) and \(z = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\), oriented so the unit normal vector points away from the z-axis.

    3. Use a CAS to find the flux of vector field \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (e^y + x)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (3 \, \cos (xz) - y)\, \hat{ \mathbf j}+ z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) through surface \(S\), where \(S\) is given by \(z^2 = 4x^2 + 4y^2\) from \(0 \leq z \leq 4\), oriented so the unit normal vector points downward.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= -33.5103\]

    4. [T] Use a CAS to compute \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = x\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + y \, \hat{ \mathbf j}+ 2z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is a part of sphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 2\) with \(0 \leq z \leq 1\).

    5. Evaluate \[\iint_S\vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = bxy^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ bx^2y \, \hat{ \mathbf j} + (x^2 + y^2)z^2 \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and S is a closed surface bounding the region and consisting of solid cylinder \(x^2 + y^2 \leq a^2\) and \(0 \leq z \leq b\).

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= \pi a^4 b^2\]

    6. [T] Use a CAS to calculate the flux of \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (x^3 + y \, \sin z)\, \hat{ \mathbf i} + (y^3 + z \, \sin x)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + 3z \, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) across surface \(S\), where \(S\) is the boundary of the solid bounded by hemispheres \(z = \sqrt{4 - x^2 - y^2}\) and \(z = \sqrt{1 - x^2 - y^2}\), and plane \(z = 0\).

    7. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = xy\, \hat{ \mathbf i} - \dfrac{1}{2}y^2\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is the surface consisting of three pieces: \(z = 4 - 3x^2 - 3y^2, \, 1 \leq z \leq 4\) on the top; \(x^2 + y^2 = 1, \, 0 \leq z \leq 1\) on the sides; and \(z = 0\) on the bottom.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= \dfrac{5}{2}\pi\]

    8. [T] Use a CAS and the divergence theorem to evaluate \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = (2x + y \, \cos z)\, \hat{ \mathbf i}+ (x^2 - y)\, \hat{ \mathbf j} + y^2 z\, \hat{ \mathbf k}\) and \(S\) is sphere \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4\) orientated outward.

    9. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS},\] where \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z) = xi + yj + zk\) and \(S\) is the boundary of the solid enclosed by paraboloid \(y = x^2 + z^2 - 2\), cylinder \(x^2 + z^2 = 1\), and plane \(x + y = 2\), and \(S\) is oriented outward.

    Answer

    \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{dS}= \dfrac{21\pi}{2}\]

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{7}\)

    For the following exercises, Fourier’s law of heat transfer states that the heat flow vector \(\vecs{F}\) at a point is proportional to the negative gradient of the temperature; that is, \(\vecs{F} = - k \nabla T\), which means that heat energy flows hot regions to cold regions. The constant \(k > 0\) is called the conductivity, which has metric units of joules per meter per second-kelvin or watts per meter-kelvin. A temperature function for region D is given. Use the divergence theorem to find net outward heat flux \[\iint_S \vecs{F} \cdot \vecs{N} \, dS = -k \iint_S \nabla T \cdot \vecs{N} \, dS\] across the boundary \(S\) of \(D,\) where \(k = 1\).

    1. \(T(x,y,z) = 100 + x + 2y + z\); \(D = \{(x,y,z) : 0 \leq x \leq 1, \, 0 \leq y \leq 1, \, 0 \leq z \leq 1 \}\)

    2. \(T(x,y,z) = 100 + e^{-z}\); \(D = \{(x,y,z) : 0 \leq x \leq 1, \, 0 \leq y \leq 1, \, 0 \leq z \leq 1 \}\)

    Answer

    \(- (1 - e^{-1})\)

    3. \(T(x,y,z) = 100 e^{-x^2-y^2-z^2}\); \(D\) is the sphere of radius a centered at the origin.


    This page titled 9.8E: Exercises is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Pamini Thangarajah.

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