Key Terms Chapter 01: Foundations
- Page ID
- 102241
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolute value | The absolute value of a number is its distance from \(0\) on the number line. | ||||
| additive identity | The number \(0\) is the additive identity because adding \(0\) to any number does not change its value. | ||||
| additive inverse | The opposite of a number is its additive inverse. | ||||
| coefficient | The coefficient of a term is the constant that multiplies the variable in a term. | ||||
| complex fraction | A fraction in which the numerator or the denominator is a fraction is called a complex fraction. | ||||
| composite number | A composite number is a counting number that is not prime. It has factors other than \(1\) and the number itself. | ||||
| constant | A constant is a number whose value always stays the same. | ||||
| denominator | In a fraction, written \(\frac{a}{b}\), where \(b≠0\), the denominator \(b\) is the number of equal parts the whole has been divided into. | ||||
| divisible by a number | If a number \(m\) is a multiple of \(n\), then \(m\) is divisible by \(n\). | ||||
| equation | An equation is two expressions connected by an equal sign. | ||||
| equivalent fractions | Equivalent fractions are fractions that have the same value. | ||||
| evaluate an expression | To evaluate an expression means to find the value of the expression when the variables are replaced by given numbers. | ||||
| expression | An expression is a number, a variable, or a combination of numbers and variables using operation symbols. | ||||
| factors | If \(a·b=m\), then \(a\) and \(b\) are factors of \(m\). | ||||
| fraction | A fraction is written \(\frac{a}{b}\), where \(b≠0\), and \(a\) is the numerator and \(b\) is the denominator. A fraction represents parts of a whole. | ||||
| integers | The whole numbers and their opposites are called the integers. | ||||
| irrational number | An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. Its decimal form does not stop and does not repeat. | ||||
| least common denominator | The least common denominator (LCD) of two fractions is the least common multiple (LCM) of their denominators. | ||||
| least common multiple | The least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of both numbers. | ||||
| like terms | Terms that are either constants or have the same variables raised to the same powers are called like terms. | ||||
| multiple of a number | A number is a multiple of \(n\) if it is the product of a counting number and \(n\). | ||||
| multiplicative identity | The number \(1\) is the multiplicative identity because multiplying \(1\) by any number does not change its value. | ||||
| multiplicative inverse | The reciprocal of a number is its multiplicative inverse. | ||||
| negative numbers | Numbers less than \(0\) are negative numbers. | ||||
| numerator | In a fraction, written \(\frac{a}{b}\), where \(b≠0\), the numerator a indicates how many parts are included. | ||||
| opposite | The opposite of a number is the number that is the same distance from zero on the number line but on the opposite side of zero. | ||||
| order of operations | The order of operations are established guidelines for simplifying an expression. | ||||
| percent | A percent is a ratio whose denominator is \(100\). | ||||
| prime factorization | The prime factorization of a number is the product of prime numbers that equals the number. | ||||
| prime number | A prime number is a counting number greater than \(1\) whose only factors are \(1\) and the number itself. | ||||
| principal square root | The positive square root is called the principal square root. | ||||
| rational number | A rational number is a number of the form \(\frac{p}{q}\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are integers and \(q≠0\). Its decimal form stops or repeats. | ||||
| real number | A real number is a number that is either rational or irrational. | ||||
| reciprocal | The reciprocal of a fraction is found by inverting the fraction, placing the numerator in the denominator and the denominator in the numerator. | ||||
| simplify an expression | To simplify an expression means to do all the math possible. | ||||
| square of a number | If \(n^2=m\), then \(m\) is the square of \(n\). | ||||
| square root of a number | If \(n^2=m\), then \(n\) is a square root of \(m\). | ||||
| term | A term is a constant, or the product of a constant and one or more variables. | ||||
| variable | A variable is a letter that represents a number whose value may change. |