Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js
Skip to main content
Library homepage
 

Text Color

Text Size

 

Margin Size

 

Font Type

Enable Dyslexic Font
Mathematics LibreTexts

2.R: Periodic Functions (Review)

( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

6.1: Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions

For the exercises 1-8, graph the functions for two periods and determine the amplitude or stretching factor, period, midline equation, and asymptotes.

1) f(x)=3cosx+3

Answer

amplitude: 3; period: 2π; midline: y=3;no asymptotes

6R6.1.1.png

2) f(x)=14sinx

3) f(x)=3cos(x+π6)

Answer

amplitude: 3; period: 2π; midline: y=0; no asymptotes

6R6.1.3.png

4) f(x)=2sin(x2π3)

5) f(x)=3sin(xπ4)4

Answer

amplitude: 3; period: 2π; midline: y=4; no asymptotes

6R6.1.5.png

6) f(x)=2(cos(x4π3)+1)

7) f(x)=6sin(3xπ6)1

Answer

amplitude: 6; period: dfrac2π3; midline: y=1; no asymptotes

6R6.1.7.png

8) f(x)=100sin(50x20)

6.2: Graphs of the Other Trigonometric Functions

For the exercises 1-4, graph the functions for two periods and determine the amplitude or stretching factor, period, midline equation, and asymptotes.

1) f(x)=tanx4

Answer

stretching factor: none; period: π; midline: y=4; asymptotes: x=π2+πk, where k is an integer

6R6.2.1.png

2) f(x)=2tan(xπ6)

3) f(x)=3tan(4x)2

Answer

stretching factor: 3; period: π4; midline: y=2; asymptotes: x=π8+π4k, where k is an integer

6R6.2.3.png

4) f(x)=0.2cos(0.1x)+0.3

For the exercises 5-10, graph two full periods. Identify the period, the phase shift, the amplitude, and asymptotes.

5) f(x)=13secx

Answer

amplitude: none; period: 2π; no phase shift; asymptotes: x=π2k, where k is an integer

6R6.2.5.png

6) f(x)=3cotx

7) f(x)=4csc(5x)

Answer

amplitude: none; period: 2π5; no phase shift; asymptotes: x=π5k, where k is an integer

6R6.2.7.png

8) f(x)=8sec(14x)

9) f(x)=23csc(12x)

Answer

amplitude: none; period: 4π; no phase shift; asymptotes: x=2πk, where k is an integer

6R6.2.9.png

10) f(x)=csc(2x+π)

For the exercises 11-15, use this scenario: The population of a city has risen and fallen over a 20-year interval. Its population may be modeled by the following function: y=12,000+8,000sin(0.628x), where the domain is the years since 1980 and the range is the population of the city.

11) What is the largest and smallest population the city may have?

Answer

largest: 20,000; smallest: 4,000

12) Graph the function on the domain of [0,40].

13) What are the amplitude, period, and phase shift for the function?

Answer

amplitude: 8,000; period: 10; phase shift: 0

14) Over this domain, when does the population reach 18,000? 13,000?

15) What is the predicted population in 2007? 2010?

Answer

In 2007, the predicted population is 4,413. In 2010, the population will be 11,924.

For the exercises 16a-16d, suppose a weight is attached to a spring and bobs up and down, exhibiting symmetry.

16) Suppose the graph of the displacement function is shown in the Figure below, where the values on the x-axis represent the time in seconds and the y-axis represents the displacement in inches.

6R6.2.16.png

  1. Give the equation that models the vertical displacement of the weight on the spring.
  2. At time=0, what is the displacement of the weight?
Answer

5 in.

  1. At what time does the displacement from the equilibrium point equal zero?
  2. What is the time required for the weight to return to its initial height of 5 inches? In other words, what is the period for the displacement function?
Answer

10 seconds

6.3: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

For the exercises 1-11, find the exact value without the aid of a calculator.

1) sin1(1)

2) cos1(32)

Answer

π6

3) tan1(1)

4) cos1(12)

Answer

π4

5) sin1(32)

6) sin1(cos(π6))

Answer

π3

7) cos1(tan(3π4))

8) sin(sec1(35))

Answer

No solution

9) cot(sin1(35))

10) tan(cos1(513))

Answer

125

11) sin(cos1(xx+1))

12) Graph f(x)=cosx and f(x)=secx on the interval [0,2π) and explain any observations.

Answer

The graphs are not symmetrical with respect to the line y=x.They are symmetrical with respect to the y-axis.

6R6.3.12.png

13) Graph f(x)=sinx and f(x)=cscx and explain any observations.

14) Graph the function f(x)=x1x33!+x55!x77! on the interval [1,1] and compare the graph to the graph of f(x)=sinx on the same interval. Describe any observations.

Answer

The graphs appear to be identical.

6R6.3.14.png

Practice Test

For the exercises 1-13, sketch the graph of each function for two full periods. Determine the amplitude, the period, and the equation for the midline.

1) f(x)=0.5sinx

Answer

amplitude: 0.5; period: 2π;midline y=0

6RP 1.pngy=0y=0y=0

2) f(x)=5cosx

3) f(x)=5sinx

Answer

amplitude: 0.5; period: 2π; midline y=0

6RP 3.png

4) f(x)=sin(3x)

5) f(x)=cos(x+π3)+1

Answer

amplitude: 1; period: 2π; midline y=1

6RP 5.png

6) f(x)=5sin(3(xπ6))+4

7) f(x)=3cos(13x5π6)

Answer

amplitude: 3; period: 6π; midline y=0

6RP 7.png

8) f(x)=tan(4x)

9) f(x)=2tan(x7π6)+2

Answer

amplitude: none; period: π; midline y=0, asymptotes: x=2π3+πk, where k is an integer

6RP 9.png

10) f(x)=πcos(3x+π)

11) f(x)=5csc(3x)

Answer

amplitude: none; period: 2π3; midline y=0, asymptotes: x=π3k, where k is an integer

6RP 11.png

12) f(x)=πsec(π2x)

13) f(x)=2csc(x+π4)3

Answer

amplitude: none; period: 2π; midline y=3

6RP 13.png

For the exercises 14-16, determine the amplitude, period, and midline of the graph, and then find a formula for the function.

14) Give in terms of a sine function.

6RP 14.png

15) Give in terms of a sine function.

6RP 15.png

Answer

amplitude: 2; period: 2; midline: y=0; f(x)=2sin(π(x1))

16) Give in terms of a tangent function.

6RP 16.png

For the exercises 17-20, find the amplitude, period, phase shift, and midline.

17) y=sin(π6x+π)3

Answer

amplitude: 1; period: 12; phase shift: 6; midline: y=3

18) y=8sin(7π6x+7π2)+6

19) The outside temperature over the course of a day can be modeled as a sinusoidal function. Suppose you know the temperature is 68F at midnight and the high and low temperatures during the day are 80F and 56F, respectively. Assuming t is the number of hours since midnight, find a function for the temperature, D, in terms of t.

Answer

D(t)=6812sin(π12x)

20) Water is pumped into a storage bin and empties according to a periodic rate. The depth of the water is 3 feet at its lowest at 2:00 a.m. and 71 feet at its highest, which occurs every 5 hours. Write a cosine function that models the depth of the water as a function of time, and then graph the function for one period.

For the exercises 21-25, find the period and horizontal shift of each function.

21) g(x)=3tan(6x+42)

Answer

period: π6; horizontal shift: 7

22) n(x)=4csc(5π3x20π3)

23) Write the equation for the graph in the Figure below in terms of the secant function and give the period and phase shift.

6RP 23.png

Answer

f(x)=sec(πx); period: 2; phase shift: 0

24) If tanx=3,find tan(x).

25) If secx=4,   find sec(x).

Answer

4

For the exercises 26-28, graph the functions on the specified window and answer the questions.

26) Graph m(x)=sin(2x)+cos(3x) on the viewing window [10,10] by [3,3].Approximate the graph’s period.

27) Graph n(x)=0.02sin(50πx) on the following domains in x:[0,1] and[0,3].Suppose this function models sound waves. Why would these views look so different?

Answer

The views are different because the period of the wave is 125.Over a bigger domain, there will be more cycles of the graph.

6RP 27.png

28) Graph f(x)=sinxx on [0.5,0.5] and explain any observations.

For the exercises 29-31, let f(x)=35cos(6x).

29) What is the largest possible value for f(x)?

Answer

35

30) What is the smallest possible value for f(x)?

31) Where is the function increasing on the interval [0,2π]?

Answer

On the approximate intervals (0.5,1),(1.6,2.1),(2.6,3.1),(3.7,4.2),(4.7,5.2),(5.6,6.28)

For the exercises 32-33, find and graph one period of the periodic function with the given amplitude, period, and phase shift.

32) Sine curve with amplitude 3, period π3,and phase shift (h,k)=(π4,2)

33) Cosine curve with amplitude 2, period \(\dfrac{\pi }{6}\),and phase shift (h,k)=(π4,3)

Answer

f(x)=2cos(12(x+π4))+3

6RP 33.png

For the exercises 34-35, graph the function. Describe the graph and, wherever applicable, any periodic behavior, amplitude, asymptotes, or undefined points.

34) f(x)=5cos(3x)+4sin(2x)

35) f(x)=e(sint)

Answer

This graph is periodic with a period of 2π

6RP 35.png

For the exercises 36-43, find the exact value.

36) sin1(32)

37) tan1(3)

Answer

π3

38) cos1(32)

39) cos1(sin(π))

Answer

π2

40) cos1(tan(7π4))

41) cos(sin1(12x))

Answer

1(12x)2

42) cos1(0.4)

43) cos(tan1(x2))

Answer

11+x4

For the exercises 44-46, suppose sint=xx+1 . Evaluate the following expressions.

44) tant

45) csct

Answer

x+1x

46) Given Figure, find the measure of angle θ to three decimal places. Answer in radians.

6RP 46.png

For the exercises 47-49, determine whether the equation is true or false.

47) arcsin(sin(5π6))=5π6

Answer

False

48) arccos(cos(5π6))=5π6

49) The grade of a road is 7%. This means that for every horizontal distance of 100 feet on the road, the vertical rise is 7 feet. Find the angle the road makes with the horizontal in radians.

Answer

approximately 0.07 radians


This page titled 2.R: Periodic Functions (Review) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

Support Center

How can we help?