2.5E: Exercises
- Page ID
- 10652
This page is a draft and is under active development.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)
For the following exercises, given \(y=f(u)\) and \(u=g(x)\), find dy/dx by using Leibniz’s notation for the chain rule: \(\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{dy}{du}\frac{du}{dx}.\)
1) \(y=3u−6,u=2x^2\)
2) \(y=6u^3,u=7x−4\)
3) \(y=sinu,u=5x−1\)
4) \(y=cosu,u=\frac{−x}{8}\)
5) \(y=tanu,u=9x+2\)
6) \(y=\sqrt{4u+3},u=x^2−6x\)
- Answers to even numbered questions
-
2. \(18u^2⋅7=18(7x−4)^2⋅7\)
4. \(−sinu⋅\frac{−1}{8=}−sin(\frac{−x}{8})⋅\frac{−1}{8}\)
6. \(\frac{8x−24}{2\sqrt{4u+3}}=\frac{4x−12}{\sqrt{4x^2−24x+3}}\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)
For each of the following exercises,
a. decompose each function in the form \(y=f(u)\) and \(u=g(x),\) and
b. find \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) as a function of \(x\).
1) \(y=(3x−2)^6\)
2) \(y=(3x^2+1)^3\)
3) \(y=sin^5(x)\)
4) \(y=(\frac{x}{7}+\frac{7}{x})^7\)
5) \(y=tan(secx)\)
6) \(y=csc(πx+1)\)
7) \(y=cot^2x\)
8) \(y=−6sin^{−3}x\)
- Answers to even numbered questions
-
2a. \(u=3x^2+1\)
b. \(18x(3x^2+1)^2\)
4a. \(f(u)=u^7,u=\frac{x}{7}+\frac{7}{x}\)
b. \(7(\frac{x}{7}+\frac{7}{x})^6⋅(\frac{1}{7}−\frac{7}{x^2})\)
6a. \(f(u)=cscu,u=πx+1\)
b. \(−πcsc(πx+1)⋅cot(πx+1)\)
8a. \(f(u)=−6u^{−3},u=sinx\)
b. \(18sin^{−4}x⋅cosx\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)
For the following exercises, find \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) for each function.
1) \(y=(3x^2+3x−1)^4\)
2) \(y=(5−2x)^{−2}\)
3) \(y=cos^3(πx)\)
4) \(y=(2x^3−x^2+6x+1)^3\)
5) \(y=\frac{1}{sin^2(x)}\)
6) \(y=(tanx+sinx)^{−3}\)
7) \(y=x^2cos^4x\)
8) \(y=sin(cos7x)\)
9) \(y=\sqrt{6+secπx^2}\)
10) \(y=cot^3(4x+1)\)
- Answers to even numbered questions
-
2. \(\frac{4}{(5−2x)^3}\)
4. \(y=(2x^3−x^2+6x+1)^3\)
6. \(−3(tanx+sinx)^{−4}⋅(sec^2x+cosx)\)
8. \(−7cos(cos7x)⋅sin7x\)
10. \(−12cot^2(4x+1)⋅csc^2(4x+1)\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\)
Let \(y=[f(x)]^3\) and suppose that \(f′(1)=4\) and \(\frac{dy}{dx}=10\) for \(x=1\). Find \(f(1)\).
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\)
Let \(y=(f(x)+5x^2)^4\) and suppose that \(f(−1)=−4\) and \(\frac{dy}{dx}=3\) when \(x=−1\). Find \(f′(−1)\)
- Answer
-
\(10\frac{3}{4}\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\)
Let \(y=(f(u)+3x)^2\) and \(u=x^3−2x\). If \(f(4)=6\) and \(\frac{dy}{dx}=18\) when \(x=2\), find \(f′(4)\).
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{7}\)
Find the equation of the tangent line to \(y=−sin(\frac{x}{2})\) at the origin. Use a calculator to graph the function and the tangent line together.
- Answer
-
\(y=\frac{−1}{2}x\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{8}\)
Find the equation of the tangent line to \(y=(3x+\frac{1}{x})^2\) at the point \((1,16)\). Use a calculator to graph the function and the tangent line together.
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{9}\)
Find the \(x\) -coordinates at which the tangent line to \(y=(x−\frac{6}{x})^8\) is horizontal.
- Answer
-
\(x=±\sqrt{6}\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{10}\)
Find an equation of the line that is normal to \(g(θ)=sin2^(πθ)\) at the point \((\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{2})\). Use a calculator to graph the function and the normal line together
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{11}\)
For the following exercises, use the information in the following table to find \(h′(a)\) at the given value for \(a\).
\(x\) | \(f(x)\) | \(f'(x)\) | \(g(x)\) | \(g'(x)\) |
0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
1 | 1 | −2 | 3 | 0 |
2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | −1 |
3 | 3 | −3 | 2 | 3 |
1) \(h(x)=f(g(x));a=0\)
2) \(h(x)=g(f(x));a=0\)
3) \(h(x)=(x^4+g(x))^{−2};a=1\)
4) \(h(x)=(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)})^2;a=3\)
5) \(h(x)=f(x+f(x));a=1\)
6) \(h(x)=(1+g(x))^3;a=2\)
7) \(h(x)=g(2+f(x^2));a=1\)
8) \(h(x)=f(g(sinx));a=0\)
- Answer to odd numbered questions
-
1. \(10\)
3. \(−\frac{1}{8}\)
5. \(−4\)
7. \(−12\)
Exercise \(\PageIndex{12}\)
The position function of a freight train is given by \(s(t)=100(t+1)^{−2}\), with \(s\) in meters and \(t\) in seconds.
At time \(t=6\)s, find the train’s
a. velocity and
b. acceleration.
c. Using a. and b. is the train speeding up or slowing down?
- Answer
-
a. \(−\frac{200}{343}\) m/s
b. \(\frac{600}{2401}\) m/s^2
c. The train is slowing down since velocity and acceleration have opposite signs
Exercise \(\PageIndex{13}\)
A mass hanging from a vertical spring is in simple harmonic motion as given by the following position function, where t is measured in seconds and \(s\) is in inches:
\(s(t)=−3cos(πt+\frac{π}{4}).\)
a. Determine the position of the spring at \(t=1.5\) s.
b. Find the velocity of the spring at \(t=1.5\) s.
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{14}\)
The total cost to produce \(x\) boxes of Thin Mint Girl Scout cookies is \(C\) dollars, where \(C=0.0001x^3−0.02x^2+3x+300.\) In \(t\) weeks production is estimated to be \(x=1600+100t\) boxes.
a. Find the marginal cost \(C′(x).\)
b. Use Leibniz’s notation for the chain rule, \(\frac{dC}{dt}=\frac{dC}{dx}⋅\frac{dx}{dt}\), to find the rate with respect to time \(t\) that the cost is changing.
c. Use b. to determine how fast costs are increasing when \(t=2\) weeks. Include units with the answer.
- Answer
-
a. \(C′(x)=0.0003x^2−0.04x+3\)
b. \(dCdt=100⋅(0.0003x^2−0.04x+3)\)
c. Approximately $90,300 per week
Exercise \(\PageIndex{15}\)
The formula for the area of a circle is \(A=πr^2\), where \(r\) is the radius of the circle. Suppose a circle is expanding, meaning that both the area \(A\) and the radius \(r\) (in inches) are expanding.
a. Suppose \(r=2−\frac{100}{(t+7)^2}\) where \(t\) is time in seconds. Use the chain rule \(\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{dA}{dr}⋅\frac{dr}{dt}\) to find the rate at which the area is expanding.
b. Use a. to find the rate at which the area is expanding at \(t=4\) s.
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{16}\)
The formula for the volume of a sphere is \(S=\frac{4}{3}πr^3\), where \(r\) (in feet) is the radius of the sphere. Suppose a spherical snowball is melting in the sun.
a. Suppose \(r=\frac{1}{(t+1)^2}−\frac{1}{12}\) where t is time in minutes. Use the chain rule \(\frac{dS}{dt}=\frac{dS}{dr}⋅\frac{dr}{dt}\) to find the rate at which the snowball is melting.
b. Use a. to find the rate at which the volume is changing at \(t=1\) min.
- Answer
-
a. \(\frac{dS}{dt}=−\frac{8πr^2}{(t+1)^3}\)
b. The volume is decreasing at a rate of \(−\frac{π}{36}\) \(ft^3\)/min
Exercise \(\PageIndex{17}\)
The daily temperature in degrees Fahrenheit of Phoenix in the summer can be modeled by the function \(T(x)=94−10cos[\frac{π}{12}(x−2)]\), where \(x\) is hours after midnight. Find the rate at which the temperature is changing at 4 p.m.
- Answer
-
Under Construction
Exercise \(\PageIndex{18}\)
The depth (in feet) of water at a dock changes with the rise and fall of tides. The depth is modeled by the function \(D(t)=5sin(\frac{π}{6}t−\frac{7π}{6})+8\), where \(t\) is the number of hours after midnight. Find the rate at which the depth is changing at 6 a.m.
- Answer
-
\(~2.3\) ft/hr
Contributors and Attributions
Gilbert Strang (MIT) and Edwin “Jed” Herman (Harvey Mudd) with many contributing authors. This content by OpenStax is licensed with a CC-BY-SA-NC 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org.