At first blush one might think that of all areas of mathematics certainly arithmetic should be the simplest, but it is a surprisingly deep subject. We assume that students have some familiarity with b...At first blush one might think that of all areas of mathematics certainly arithmetic should be the simplest, but it is a surprisingly deep subject. We assume that students have some familiarity with basic set theory, and calculus. But very little of this nature will be needed. To a great extent the book is self-contained. It requires only a certain amount of mathematical maturity. And, hopefully, the student’s level of mathematical maturity will increase as the course progresses.