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2.4: The Pauli Algebra
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Abstract_and_Geometric_Algebra/Applied_Geometric_Algebra_(Tisza)/02%3A_The_Lorentz_Group_and_the_Pauli_Algebra/2.04%3A_The_Pauli_Algebra
The expressions in Equation $\ref{EQ2.4.49}$ are called the polar forms of N, the name being chosen to suggest that the representation of N by H and U is analogous to the representation of a complex num...The expressions in Equation $\ref{EQ2.4.49}$ are called the polar forms of N, the name being chosen to suggest that the representation of N by H and U is analogous to the representation of a complex number z by a positive number r and a phase factor:

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