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- https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Combinatorics_and_Discrete_Mathematics/Combinatorics_Through_Guided_Discovery_(Bogart)/02%3A__Induction_and_Recursion/2.03%3A_Graph_and_TreesIn Section 1.3.4 we introduced the idea of a directed graph. Graphs consist of vertices and edges. We describe vertices and edges in much the same way as we describe points and lines in geometry: we d...In Section 1.3.4 we introduced the idea of a directed graph. Graphs consist of vertices and edges. We describe vertices and edges in much the same way as we describe points and lines in geometry: we don’t really say what vertices and edges are, but we say what they do. We just don’t have a complicated axiom system the way we do in geometry. A graph consists of a set V called a vertex set and a set E called an edge set. Each member of V is called a vertex and each member of E is called an edge.
- https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Combinatorics_and_Discrete_Mathematics/Combinatorics_and_Graph_Theory_(Guichard)/05%3A_Graph_Theory/5.05%3A_TreesStarting at any vertex v, follow a sequence of distinct edges until a vertex repeats; this is possible because the degree of every vertex is at least two, so upon arriving at a vertex for the firs...Starting at any vertex v, follow a sequence of distinct edges until a vertex repeats; this is possible because the degree of every vertex is at least two, so upon arriving at a vertex for the first time it is always possible to leave the vertex on another edge. If G is a connected graph on n vertices, a spanning tree for G is a subgraph of G that is a tree on n vertices.
- https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Florida_SouthWestern_State_College/MGF_1131%3A_Mathematics_in_Context__(FSW)/07%3A_Graph_Theory/7.04%3A_TreesThis section covers trees in graph theory, defining them as connected acyclic graphs and exploring their significance in applications like family trees and computer networks. It discusses spanning tre...This section covers trees in graph theory, defining them as connected acyclic graphs and exploring their significance in applications like family trees and computer networks. It discusses spanning trees, including methods for their construction, emphasizing Kruskal's algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees to minimize connection costs. Key characteristics of spanning trees are highlighted, including their cycle-free nature and connection of all vertices.