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1.R: Chapter 1 Review Exercises

  • Page ID
    69791
    • Gilbert Strang & Edwin “Jed” Herman
    • OpenStax
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    True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.

    1) A function is always one-to-one.

    2) \(f∘g=g∘f\), assuming \(f\) and \(g\) are functions.

    Answer
    False

    3) A relation that passes the horizontal and vertical line tests is a one-to-one function.

    4) A relation passing the horizontal line test is a function.

    Answer
    False

    State the domain and range of the given functions:

    \(f=x^2+2x−3\), \(g=\ln(x−5)\), \(h=\dfrac{1}{x+4}\)

    5) h

    6) g

    Answer
    Domain: \(x>5\), Range: all real numbers

    7) \(h∘f\)

    8) \(g∘f\)

    Answer
    Domain: \(x>2\) and \(x<−4\), Range: all real numbers

    Find the degree, \(y\)-intercept, and zeros for the following polynomial functions.

    9) \(f(x)=2x^2+9x−5\)

    10) \(f(x)=x^3+2x^2−2x\)

    Answer
    Degree of 3, \(y\)-intercept: \((0,0),\) Zeros: \(0, \,\sqrt{3}−1,\, −1−\sqrt{3}\)

    Simplify the following trigonometric expressions.

    11) \(\dfrac{\tan^2x}{\sec^2x}+{\cos^2x}\)

    12) \(\cos^2x-\sin^2x\)

    Answer
    \(\cos(2x)\)

    Solve the following trigonometric equations on the interval \(θ=[−2π,2π]\) exactly.

    13) \(6\cos 2x−3=0\)

    14) \(\sec^2x−2\sec x+1=0\)

    Answer
    \(0,±2π\)

    Solve the following logarithmic equations.

    15) \(5^x=16\)

    16) \(\log_2(x+4)=3\)

    Answer
    \(4\)

    Are the following functions one-to-one over their domain of existence? Does the function have an inverse? If so, find the inverse \(f^{−1}(x)\) of the function. Justify your answer.

    17) \(f(x)=x^2+2x+1\)

    18) \(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x}\)

    Answer
    One-to-one; yes, the function has an inverse; inverse: \(f^{−1}(x)=\dfrac{1}{x}\)

    For the following problems, determine the largest domain on which the function is one-to-one and find the inverse on that domain.

    19) \(f(x)=\sqrt{9−x}\)

    20) \(f(x)=x^2+3x+4\)

    Answer
    \(x≥−\frac{3}{2},\quad f^{−1}(x)=−\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4x−7}\)

    21) A car is racing along a circular track with diameter of 1 mi. A trainer standing in the center of the circle marks his progress every 5 sec. After 5 sec, the trainer has to turn 55° to keep up with the car. How fast is the car traveling?

    For the following problems, consider a restaurant owner who wants to sell T-shirts advertising his brand. He recalls that there is a fixed cost and variable cost, although he does not remember the values. He does know that the T-shirt printing company charges $440 for 20 shirts and $1000 for 100 shirts.

    22) a. Find the equation \(C=f(x)\) that describes the total cost as a function of number of shirts and

    b. determine how many shirts he must sell to break even if he sells the shirts for $10 each.

    Answer
    a. \(C(x)=300+7x\)
    b. \(100\) shirts

    23) a. Find the inverse function \(x=f^{−1}(C)\) and describe the meaning of this function.

    b. Determine how many shirts the owner can buy if he has $8000 to spend.

    For the following problems, consider the population of Ocean City, New Jersey, which is cyclical by season.

    24) The population can be modeled by \(P(t)=82.5−67.5\cos[(π/6)t]\), where \(t\) is time in months (\(t=0\) represents January 1) and \(P\) is population (in thousands). During a year, in what intervals is the population less than 20,000? During what intervals is the population more than 140,000?

    Answer
    The population is less than 20,000 from December 8 through January 23 and more than 140,000 from May 29 through August 2

    25) In reality, the overall population is most likely increasing or decreasing throughout each year. Let’s reformulate the model as \(P(t)=82.5−67.5\cos[(π/6)t]+t\), where t is time in months (\(t=0\) represents January 1) and \(P\) is population (in thousands). When is the first time the population reaches 200,000?

    For the following problems, consider radioactive dating. A human skeleton is found in an archeological dig. Carbon dating is implemented to determine how old the skeleton is by using the equation \(y=e^{rt}\), where \(y\) is the percentage of radiocarbon still present in the material, \(t\) is the number of years passed, and \(r=−0.0001210\) is the decay rate of radiocarbon.

    26) If the skeleton is expected to be 2000 years old, what percentage of radiocarbon should be present?

    Answer
    78.51%

    27) Find the inverse of the carbon-dating equation. What does it mean? If there is 25% radiocarbon, how old is the skeleton?

    Contributors

    Gilbert Strang (MIT) and Edwin “Jed” Herman (Harvey Mudd) with many contributing authors. This content by OpenStax is licensed with a CC-BY-SA-NC 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org.


    This page titled 1.R: Chapter 1 Review Exercises is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Gilbert Strang & Edwin “Jed” Herman (OpenStax) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.