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Mathematics LibreTexts

7: Polar and Spherical Coordinate Systems

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  • 7.1: Polar Coordinates
    The polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction. Integrating in polar coordinates involves adding a surface element to the integrated.
  • 7.2: Spherical Coordinates
    The spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a point is specified by three numbers. Integrating requires a volume element.


This page titled 7: Polar and Spherical Coordinate Systems is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Niels Walet via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

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