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4.4E: Exercises for Section 4.3

  • Page ID
    123910

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    1)Why do you need continuity to apply the Mean Value Theorem? Construct a counterexample.

    2) Why do you need differentiability to apply the Mean Value Theorem? Find a counterexample.

    Answer
    One example is \(f(x)=|x|+3,−2≤x≤2\)

    3) When are Rolle’s theorem and the Mean Value Theorem equivalent?

    4) If you have a function with a discontinuity, is it still possible to have \(f′(c)(b−a)=f(b)−f(a)?\) Draw such an example or prove why not.

    Answer
    Yes, but the Mean Value Theorem still does not apply

    In exercises 5 - 9, determine over what intervals (if any) the Mean Value Theorem applies. Justify your answer.

    5) \(y=\sin(πx)\)

    6) \(y=\dfrac{1}{x^3}\)

    Answer
    \((−∞,0),(0,∞)\)

    7) \(y=\sqrt{4−x^2}\)

    8) \(y=\sqrt{x^2−4}\)

    Answer
    \((−∞,−2),(2,∞)\)

    9) \(y=\ln(3x−5)\)

    In exercises 10 - 13, graph the functions on a calculator and draw the secant line that connects the endpoints. Estimate the number of points \(c\) such that \(f′(c)(b−a)=f(b)−f(a)\).

    10) [T] \(y=3x^3+2x+1\) over \([−1,1]\)

    Answer
    2 points

    11) [T] \(y=\tan\left(\frac{π}{4}x\right)\) over \(\left[−\frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}\right]\)

    12) [T] \(y=x^2\cos(πx)\) over \([−2,2]\)

    Answer
    5 points

    13) [T] \(y=x^6−\frac{3}{4}x^5−\frac{9}{8}x^4+\frac{15}{16}x^3+\frac{3}{32}x^2+\frac{3}{16}x+\frac{1}{32}\) over \([−1,1]\)

    In exercises 14 - 19, use the Mean Value Theorem and find all points \(0<c<2\) such that \(f(2)−f(0)=f′(c)(2−0)\).

    14) \(f(x)=x^3\)

    Answer
    \(c=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

    15) \(f(x)=\sin(πx)\)

    16) \(f(x)=\cos(2πx)\)

    Answer
    \(c=\frac{1}{2},1,\frac{3}{2}\)

    17) \(f(x)=1+x+x^2\)

    18) \(f(x)=(x−1)^{10}\)

    Answer
    \(c=1\)

    19) \(f(x)=(x−1)^9\)

    In exercises 20 - 23, show there is no \(c\) such that \(f(1)−f(−1)=f′(c)(2)\). Explain why the Mean Value Theorem does not apply over the interval \([−1,1]\).

    20) \(f(x)=\left|x−\frac{1}{2} \right|\)

    Answer
    Not differentiable

    21) \(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)

    22) \(f(x)=\sqrt{|x|}\)

    Answer
    Not differentiable

    23) \(f(x)=\lfloor x \rfloor\) (Hint: This is called the floor function and it is defined so that \(f(x)\) is the largest integer less than or equal to \(x\).)

    In exercises 24 - 34, determine whether the Mean Value Theorem applies for the functions over the given interval \([a,b]\). Justify your answer.

    24) \(y=e^x\) over \([0,1]\)

    Answer
    Yes

    25) \(y=\ln(2x+3)\) over \([−\frac{3}{2},0]\)

    26) \(f(x)=\tan(2πx)\) over \([0,2]\)

    Answer
    The Mean Value Theorem does not apply since the function is discontinuous at \(x=\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4},\frac{5}{4},\frac{7}{4}.\)

    27) \(y=\sqrt{9−x^2}\) over \([−3,3]\)

    28) \(y=\dfrac{1}{|x+1|}\) over \([0,3]\)

    Answer
    Yes

    29) \(y=x^3+2x+1\) over \([0,6]\)

    30) \(y=\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{x}\) over \([−1,1]\)

    Answer
    The Mean Value Theorem does not apply; discontinuous at \(x=0.\)

    31) \(y=\dfrac{x}{\sin(πx)+1}\) over \([0,1]\)

    32) \(y=\ln(x+1)\) over \([0,e−1]\)

    Answer
    Yes

    33) \(y=x\sin(πx)\) over \([0,2]\)

    34) \(y=5+|x|\) over \([−1,1]\)

    Answer
    The Mean Value Theorem does not apply; not differentiable at \(x=0\).

    For exercises 35 - 37, consider the roots of each equation.

    35) Show that the equation \(y=x^3+3x^2+16\) has exactly one real root. What is it?

    36) Find the conditions for exactly one root (double root) for the equation \(y=x^2+bx+c\)

    Answer
    \(b=±2\sqrt{c}\)

    37) Find the conditions for \(y=e^x−b\) to have one root. Is it possible to have more than one root?

    In exercises 38 - 42, use a calculator to graph the function over the interval \([a,b]\) and graph the secant line from \(a\) to \(b\). Use the calculator to estimate all values of \(c\) as guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem. Then, find the exact value of \(c\), if possible, or write the final equation and use a calculator to estimate to four digits.

    38) [T] \(y=\tan(πx)\) over \(\left[−\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4}\right]\)

    Answer
    \(c \approx ±0.1533\)
    \(c=±\frac{1}{π}\cos^{−1}(\frac{\sqrt{π}}{2})\)

    39) [T] \(y=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}\) over \([0,3]\)

    40) [T] \(y=|x^2+2x−4|\) over \([−4,0]\)

    Answer
    The Mean Value Theorem does not apply.

    41) [T] \(y=x+\dfrac{1}{x}\) over \(\left[\frac{1}{2},4\right]\)

    42) [T] \(y=\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\) over \([3,8]\)

    Answer
    \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}−\dfrac{2}{c^3}=\dfrac{521}{2880}\)
    \(c \approx 3.133, 5.867\)

    43) At 10:17 a.m., you pass a police car at 55 mph that is stopped on the freeway. You pass a second police car at 55 mph at 10:53 a.m., which is located 39 mi from the first police car. If the speed limit is 60 mph, can the police cite you for speeding?

    44) Two cars drive from one stoplight to the next, leaving at the same time and arriving at the same time. Is there ever a time when they are going the same speed? Prove or disprove.

    Answer
    Yes

    45) Show that \(y=\sec^2x\) and \(y=\tan^2x\) have the same derivative. What can you say about \(y=\sec^2x−\tan^2x\)?

    46) Show that \(y=\csc^2x\) and \(y=\cot^2x\) have the same derivative. What can you say about \(y=\csc^2x−\cot^2x\)?

    Answer
    It is constant.

     


    This page titled 4.4E: Exercises for Section 4.3 is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Chau D Tran.

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