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4.11E: Variation of Parameters for Higher Order Equations (Exercises)

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    Q4.11.1

    In Exercises 4.11.1-4.11.21 find a particular solution, given the fundamental set of solutions of the complementary equation.

    1. \(x^3y'''-x^2(x+3)y''+2x(x+3)y'-2(x+3)y=-4x^4\); \(\{x,\,x^2,\,xe^x\}\)

    2. \(y'''+6xy''+(6+12x^2)y'+(12x+8x^3)y=x^{1/2}e^{-x^2}\); \(\{e^{-x^2},\,xe^{-x^2},\,x^2e^{-x^2}\}\)

    3. \(x^3y'''-3x^2y''+6xy'-6y=2x\); \(\{x,x^2,x^3\}\)

    4. \(x^2y'''+2xy''-(x^2+2)y'=2x^2\);\(\{1,\,e^x/x,\,e^{-x}/x\}\)

    5. \(x^3y'''-3x^2(x+1)y''+3x(x^2+2x+2)y'-(x^3+3x^2+6x+6)y=x^4e^{-3x}\);\(\{xe^x,\,x^2e^x,\,x^3e^x\}\)

    6. \(x(x^2-2)y'''+(x^2-6)y''+x(2-x^2)y'+(6-x^2)y=2(x^2-2)^2\); \(\{e^x,\,e^{-x},\,1/x\}\)

    7. \(xy'''-(x-3)y''-(x+2)y'+(x-1)y=-4e^{-x}\); \(\{e^x,\,e^x/x,\,e^{-x}/x\}\)

    8. \(4x^3y'''+4x^2y''-5xy'+2y=30x^2\); \(\{\sqrt x,\,1/\sqrt x,\,x^2\}\)

    9. \(x(x^2-1)y'''+(5x^2+1)y''+2xy'-2y=12x^2\); \(\{x,\,1/(x-1),\,1/(x+1)\}\)

    10. \(x(1-x)y'''+(x^2-3x+3)y''+xy'-y=2(x-1)^2\); \(\{x,\,1/x,e^x/x\}\)

    11. \(x^3y'''+x^2y''-2xy'+2y=x^2\); \(\{x,\,x^2,\,1/x\}\)

    12. \(xy'''-y''-xy'+y=x^2\); \(\{x,\,e^x,\,e^{-x}\}\)

    13. \(xy^{(4)}+4y'''=6 \ln |x|\); \(\{1,\,x,\,x^2,\,1/x\}\)

    14. \(16x^4y^{(4)}+96x^3y'''+72x^2y''-24xy'+9y=96x^{5/2}\); \(\{\sqrt x,\,1/\sqrt x,\,x^{3/2},\,x^{-3/2}\}\)

    15. \(x(x^2-6)y^{(4)}+2(x^2-12)y'''+x(6-x^2)y''+2(12-x^2)y'=2(x^2-6)^2\);\(\{1,\,1/x,\,e^x,\,e^{-x}\}\)

    16. \(x^4y^{(4)}-4x^3y'''+12x^2y''-24xy'+24y=x^4\); \(\{x,\,x^2,\,x^3,\,x^4\}\)

    17. \(x^4y^{(4)}-4x^3y'''+2x^2(6-x^2)y''+4x(x^2-6)y'+(x^4-4x^2+24)y=4x^5e^x\);\(\{xe^x,\,x^2e^x,\,xe^{-x},\,x^2e^{-x}\}\)

    18. \(x^4y^{(4)}+6x^3y'''+2x^2y''-4xy'+4y=12x^2\); \(\{x,x^2,1/x,1/x^2\}\)

    19. \(xy^{(4)}+4y'''-2xy''-4y'+xy=4e^x\); \(\{e^x,\,e^{-x},\,e^x/x,\,e^{-x}/x\}\)

    20. \(xy^{(4)}+(4-6x)y'''+(13x-18)y''+(26-12x)y'+(4x-12)y=3e^x\); \(\{e^x,\,e^{2x},\,e^x/x,\,e^{2x}/x\}\)

    21. \(x^4y^{(4)}-4x^3y'''+x^2(12-x^2)y''+2x(x^2-12)y'+2(12-x^2)y=2x^5\); \(\{x,\,x^2,\,xe^x,\,xe^{-x}\}\)

    Q4.11.2

    In Exercises 4.11.22-4.11.33 solve the initial value problem, given the fundamental set of solutions of the complementary equation. Graph the solution for Exercises 4.11.22, 4.11.26, 4.11.29, and 4.11.30.

    22. \(x^3y'''-2x^2y''+3xy'-3y=4x, \quad y(1)=4,\quad y'(1)=4, \quad y''(1)=2\); \(\{x,\,x^3,\,x \ln x\}\)

    23. \(x^3y'''-5x^2y''+14xy'-18y=x^3, \quad y(1)=0,\quad y'(1)=1,\quad y''(1)=7\); \(\{x^2,\, x^3,\,x^3 \ln x\}\)

    24. \((5-6x)y'''+(12x-4)y''+(6x-23)y'+(22-12x)y=-(6x-5)^2e^x \quad \{y(0)=-4, \quad y'(0)=-{3\over2},\quad y''(0)=-19; \{e^x,\,e^{2x},\,xe^{-x} \}\)

    25. \(x^3y'''-6x^2y''+16xy'-16y=9x^4, \quad y(1)=2,\quad y'(1)=1,\quad y''(1)=5\);\(\{x,\,x^4,\,x^4 \ln |x|\}\)

    26. \((x^2-2x+2)y'''-x^2y''+2xy'-2y=(x^2-2x+2)^2, \quad y(0)=0,\quad y'(0)=5\),\(y''(0)=0\);\(\{x,\,x^2,\,e^x\}\)

    27. \(x^{3}y'''+x^{2}y''-2xy'+2y=x(x+1), \quad y(-1)=-6,\quad y'(-1)=\frac{43}{6},\quad y''(-1)= -\frac{5}{2};\{x,\,x^2,\,1/x\}\)

    28. \((3x-1)y'''-(12x-1)y''+9(x+1)y'-9y=2e^x(3x-1)^2, \quad y(0)=\frac{3}{4},\quad y'(0)=\frac{5}{4}, \quad y''(0)=\frac{1}{4}; \{x+1,\,e^x,\,e^{3x}\}\)

    29. \((x^2-2)y'''-2xy''+(2-x^2)y'+2xy=2(x^2-2)^2, \quad y(0)=1,\quad y'(0)=-5\),\(y''(0)=5\);\(\{x^2,\,e^x,\,e^{-x}\}\)

    30. \(x^4y^{(4)}+3x^3y'''-x^2y''+2xy'-2y=9x^2, \quad y(1)=-7,\quad y'(1)= -11,\quad y''(1)=-5,\quad y'''(1)=6; \quad \{x,\,x^2,\,1/x,\,x\ln x\}\)

    31. \((2x-1)y^{(4)}-4xy'''+(5-2x)y''+4xy'-4y=6(2x-1)^2, \quad y(0)=\frac{55}{4}, \quad y'(0)=0,\quad y''(0)=13, \quad y'''(0)=1; \{x,\,e^x,\,e^{-x},\,e^{2x}\}\)

    32. \(4x^4y^{(4)}+24x^3y'''+23x^2y''-xy'+y=6x,\quad y(1)=2,\quad y'(1)=0,\quad y''(1)=4,\quad y'''(1)=-\frac{37}{4}; \{x,\sqrt x,1/x,1/\sqrt x\}\)

    33. \(x^4y^4+5x^3y'''-3x^2y''-6xy'+6y=40x^3, \quad y(-1)=-1, \; y'(-1)=-7\),

    \(y''(-1)=-1,\quad y'''(-1)=-31\); \(\{x,\, x^3,\,1/x,\,1/x^2\}\)

    This page titled 4.11E: Variation of Parameters for Higher Order Equations (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by William F. Trench.