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5.6E: Excersies

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    25933
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    Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    For the following exercises, sketch and describe the cylindrical surface of the given equation.

    1) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2+z^2=1\)

    Answer

    The surface is a cylinder with the rulings parallel to the y-axis.

    This figure is a circular cylinder inside of a box. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    2) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2+y^2=9\)

    3) [T] \(\displaystyle z=cos(\frac{π}{2}+x)\)

    Answer

    The surface is a cylinder with rulings parallel to the y-axis.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. Its cross section parallel to the x z plane would be a cosine curve. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    4) [T] \(\displaystyle z=e^x\)

    5) [T] \(\displaystyle z=9−y^2\)

    Answer

    The surface is a cylinder with rulings parallel to the x-axis.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. Its cross section parallel to the y z plane would be an upside down parabola. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    6) [T] \(\displaystyle z=ln(x)\)

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    For the following exercises, the graph of a quadric surface is given.

    a. Specify the name of the quadric surface.

    b. Determine the axis of symmetry of the quadric surface.

    7)

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. Its cross section parallel to the y z plane would be an upside down parabola. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    Answer

    a. Cylinder; b. The x-axis

    8)

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is an elliptical cone. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    9)

    This figure is a surface in the 3-dimensional coordinate system. There are two conical shapes facing away from each other. They have the x axis through the center.

    Answer

    a. Hyperboloid of two sheets; b. The x-axis

    10)

    This figure is a surface in the 3-dimensional coordinate system. It is a parabolic surface with the x axis through the center.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)

    For the following exercises, match the given quadric surface with its corresponding equation in standard form.

    a. \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{9}−\frac{z^2}{12}=1\)

    b. \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{4}−\frac{y^2}{9}−\frac{z^2}{12}=1\)

    c. \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{9}+\frac{z^2}{12}=1\)

    d. \(\displaystyle z^2=4x^2+3y^2\)

    e. \(\displaystyle z=4x^2−y^2\)

    f. \(\displaystyle 4x^2+y^2−z^2=0\)

    11) Hyperboloid of two sheets

    Answer

    b.

    12) Ellipsoid

    13) Elliptic paraboloid

    Answer

    d.

    14) Hyperbolic paraboloid

    15) Hyperboloid of one sheet

    Answer

    a.

    16) Elliptic cone

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\)

    For the following exercises, rewrite the given equation of the quadric surface in standard form. Identify the surface.

    17) \(\displaystyle −x^2+36y^2+36z^2=9\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle −\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{z^2}{\frac{1}{4}}=1,\) hyperboloid of one sheet with the x-axis as its axis of symmetry

    18) \(\displaystyle −4x^2+25y^2+z^2=100\)

    19) \(\displaystyle −3x^2+5y^2−z^2=10\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle −\frac{x^2}{\frac{10}{3}}+\frac{y^2}{2}−\frac{z^2}{10}=1,\) hyperboloid of two sheets with the y-axis as its axis of symmetry.

    20) \(\displaystyle 3x^2−y^2−6z^2=18\)

    21) \(\displaystyle 5y=x^2−z^2\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle y=−\frac{z^2}{5}+\frac{x^2}{5},\) hyperbolic paraboloid with the y-axis as its axis of symmetry.

    22) \(\displaystyle 8x^2−5y^2−10z=0\)

    23) \(\displaystyle x^2+5y^2+3z^2−15=0\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{15}+\frac{y^2}{3}+\frac{z^2}{5}=1,\) ellipsoid

    24) \(\displaystyle 63x^2+7y^2+9z^2−63=0\)

    25) \(\displaystyle x^2+5y^2−8z^2=0\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{40}+\frac{y^2}{8}−\frac{z^2}{5}=0,\) elliptic cone with the z-axis as its axis of symmetry

    26) \(\displaystyle 5x^2−4y^2+20z^2=0\)

    27) \(\displaystyle 6x=3y^2+2z^2\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle x=\frac{y^2}{2}+\frac{z^2}{3},\) elliptic paraboloid with the x-axis as its axis of symmetry

    28) \(\displaystyle 49y=x^2+7z^2\)

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\)

    For the following exercises, find the trace of the given quadric surface in the specified plane of coordinates and sketch it.

    29) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2+z^2+4y=0,z=0\)

    Answer

    Parabola \(\displaystyle y=−\frac{x^2}{4},\)

    This figure is the graph of an upside down parabola with its highest point at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system.

    30) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2+z^2+4y=0,x=0\)

    31) [T] \(\displaystyle −4x^2+25y^2+z^2=100,x=0\)

    Answer

    Ellipse \(\displaystyle \frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{100}=1,\)

    This figure is the graph of an ellipse centered at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system.

    32) [T] \(\displaystyle −4x^2+25y^2+z^2=100,y=0\)

    33) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{100}=1,x=0\)

    Answer

    Ellipse \(\displaystyle \frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{100}=1,\)

    This figure is the graph of an ellipse centered at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system.

    34) [T] \(\displaystyle x^2−y−z^2=1,y=0\)

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\)

    35) Use the graph of the given quadric surface to answer the questions.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is an oval solid on its side. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    a. Specify the name of the quadric surface.

    b. Which of the equations—\(\displaystyle 16x^2+9y^2+36z^2=3600,9x^2+36y^2+16z^2=3600,\) or \(\displaystyle 36x^2+9y^2+16z^2=3600\) —corresponds to the graph?

    c. Use b. to write the equation of the quadric surface in standard form.

    Answer

    a. Ellipsoid; b. The third equation; c. \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{100}+\frac{y^2}{400}+\frac{z^2}{225}=1\)

    36) Use the graph of the given quadric surface to answer the questions.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a parabolic solid opening up vertically. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    a. Specify the name of the quadric surface.

    b. Which of the equations—\(\displaystyle 36z=9x^2+y^2,9x^2+4y^2=36z\), or \(\displaystyle −36z=−81x^2+4y^2\) —corresponds to the graph above?

    c. Use b. to write the equation of the quadric surface in standard form.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{7}\)

    For the following exercises, the equation of a quadric surface is given.

    a. Use the method of completing the square to write the equation in standard form.

    b. Identify the surface.

    37) \(\displaystyle x^2+2z^2+6x−8z+1=0\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle a. \frac{(x+3)^2}{16}+\frac{(z−2)^2}{8}=1;\) b. Cylinder centered at \(\displaystyle (−3,2)\) with rulings parallel to the y-axis

    38) \(\displaystyle 4x^2−y^2+z^2−8x+2y+2z+3=0\)

    39) \(\displaystyle x^2+4y^2−4z^2−6x−16y−16z+5=0\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle a. \frac{(x−3)^2}{4}+(y−2)^2−(z+2)^2=1;\) b. Hyperboloid of one sheet centered at \(\displaystyle (3,2,−2),\) with the z-axis as its axis of symmetry

    40) \(\displaystyle x^2+z^2−4y+4=0\)

    41) \(\displaystyle x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}−\frac{z^2}{3}+6x+9=0\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle a. (x+3)^2+\frac{y^2}{4}−\frac{z^2}{3}=0;\) b. Elliptic cone centered at \(\displaystyle (−3,0,0),\) with the z-axis as its axis of symmetry

    42) \(\displaystyle x^2−y^2+z^2−12z+2x+37=0\)

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{8}\)

    43) Write the standard form of the equation of the ellipsoid centered at the origin that passes through points \(\displaystyle A(2,0,0),B(0,0,1),\) and \(\displaystyle C(12,\sqrt{11},\frac{1}{2}).\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{16}+z^2=1\)

    44) Write the standard form of the equation of the ellipsoid centered at point \(\displaystyle P(1,1,0)\) that passes through points \(\displaystyle A(6,1,0),B(4,2,0)\) and \(\displaystyle C(1,2,1)\).

    45) Determine the intersection points of elliptic cone \(\displaystyle x^2−y^2−z^2=0\) with the line of symmetric equations \(\displaystyle \frac{x−1}{2}=\frac{y+1}{3}=z.\)

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle (1,−1,0)\) and \(\displaystyle (\frac{13}{3},4,\frac{5}{3})\)

    46) Determine the intersection points of parabolic hyperboloid \(\displaystyle z=3x^2−2y^2\) with the line of parametric equations \(\displaystyle x=3t,y=2t,z=19t\), where \(\displaystyle t∈R.\)

    47) Find the equation of the quadric surface with points \(\displaystyle P(x,y,z)\) that are equidistant from point \(\displaystyle Q(0,−1,0)\) and plane of equation \(\displaystyle y=1.\) Identify the surface.

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle x^2+z^2+4y=0,\) elliptic paraboloid

    48) Find the equation of the quadric surface with points \(\displaystyle P(x,y,z)\) that are equidistant from point \(\displaystyle Q(0,2,0)\) and plane of equation \(\displaystyle y=−2.\) Identify the surface.

    49) If the surface of a parabolic reflector is described by equation \(\displaystyle 400z=x^2+y^2,\) find the focal point of the reflector.

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle (0,0,100)\)

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{9}\)

    50) Consider the parabolic reflector described by equation \(\displaystyle z=20x^2+20y^2.\) Find its focal point.

    51) Show that quadric surface \(\displaystyle x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz+x+y+z=0\) reduces to two parallel planes.

    52) Show that quadric surface \(\displaystyle x^2+y^2+z^2−2xy−2xz+2yz−1=0\) reduces to two parallel planes passing.

    53) [T] The intersection between cylinder \(\displaystyle (x−1)^2+y^2=1\) and sphere \(\displaystyle x^2+y^2+z^2=4\) is called a Viviani curve.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a sphere with a right circular cylinder through the sphere vertically. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    a. Solve the system consisting of the equations of the surfaces to find the equation of the intersection curve. (Hint: Find \(\displaystyle x\) and \(\displaystyle y\) in terms of \(\displaystyle z\).)

    b. Use a computer algebra system (CAS) to visualize the intersection curve on the sphere \(\displaystyle x^2+y^2+z^2=4\).

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle a. x=2−\frac{z^2}{2},y=±\frac{z}{2}\sqrt{4−z^2},\) where \(\displaystyle z∈[−2,2];\)

    b.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a sphere with a figure eight curve on the side of the sphere. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    54) Hyperboloid of one sheet \(\displaystyle 25x^2+25y^2−z^2=25\) and elliptic cone \(\displaystyle −25x^2+75y^2+z^2=0\) are represented in the following figure along with their intersection curves. Identify the intersection curves and find their equations (Hint: Find y from the system consisting of the equations of the surfaces.)

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a hyperbolic paraboloid with a hyperbola of two sheets intersecting. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{10}\)

    55) [T] Use a CAS to create the intersection between cylinder \(\displaystyle 9x^2+4y^2=18\) and ellipsoid \(\displaystyle 36x^2+16y^2+9z^2=144\), and find the equations of the intersection curves.

    Answer

    two ellipses of equations \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{y^2}{\frac{9}{2}}=1\) in planes \(\displaystyle z=±2\sqrt{2}\)

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a solid oval with an elliptical cylinder vertically intersecting. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    56) [T] A spheroid is an ellipsoid with two equal semiaxes. For instance, the equation of a spheroid with the z-axis as its axis of symmetry is given by \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{a^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\), where \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle c\) are positive real numbers. The spheroid is called oblate if \(\displaystyle c<a\), and prolate for \(\displaystyle c>a\).

    a. The eye cornea is approximated as a prolate spheroid with an axis that is the eye, where \(\displaystyle a=8.7mm\) and \(\displaystyle c=9.6mm\).Write the equation of the spheroid that models the cornea and sketch the surface.

    b. Give two examples of objects with prolate spheroid shapes.

    57) [T] In cartography, Earth is approximated by an oblate spheroid rather than a sphere. The radii at the equator and poles are approximately \(\displaystyle 3963\)mi and \(\displaystyle 3950\)mi, respectively.

    a. Write the equation in a standard form of the ellipsoid that represents the shape of Earth. Assume the center of Earth is at the origin and that the trace formed by plane \(\displaystyle z=0\) corresponds to the equator.

    b. Sketch the graph.

    c. Find the equation of the intersection curve of the surface with plane \(\displaystyle z=1000\) that is parallel to the xy-plane. The intersection curve is called a parallel.

    d. Find the equation of the intersection curve of the surface with plane \(\displaystyle x+y=0\) that passes through the z-axis. The intersection curve is called a meridian.

    Answer

    \(\displaystyle a. \frac{x^2}{3963^2}+\frac{y^2}{3963^2}+\frac{z^2}{3950^2}=1;\)

    b.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a sphere. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    c. The intersection curve is the ellipse of equation \(\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{3963^2}+\frac{y^2}{3963^2}=\frac{(2950)(4950)}{3950^2}\), and the intersection is an ellipse.; d. The intersection curve is the ellipse of equation \(\displaystyle \frac{2y^2}{3963^2}+\frac{z^2}{3950^2}=1.\)

    58) [T] A set of buzzing stunt magnets (or “rattlesnake eggs”) includes two sparkling, polished, superstrong spheroid-shaped magnets well-known for children’s entertainment. Each magnet is \(\displaystyle 1.625\) in. long and \(\displaystyle 0.5\) in. wide in the middle. While tossing them into the air, they create a buzzing sound as they attract each other.

    a. Write the equation of the prolate spheroid centered at the origin that describes the shape of one of the magnets.

    b. Write the equations of the prolate spheroids that model the shape of the buzzing stunt magnets. Use a CAS to create the graphs.

    59) [T] A heart-shaped surface is given by equation \(\displaystyle (x^2+\frac{9}{4}y^2+z^2−1)^3−x^2z^3−\frac{9}{80}y^2z^3=0.\)

    a. Use a CAS to graph the surface that models this shape.

    b. Determine and sketch the trace of the heart-shaped surface on the xz-plane.

    Answer

    a.

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a heart. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    b. The intersection curve is \(\displaystyle (x^2+z^2−1)^3−x^2z^3=0.\)

    This figure is a curve on a rectangular coordinate system. It is the shape of a heart centered about the y-axis.

    60) [T] The ring torus symmetric about the z-axis is a special type of surface in topology and its equation is given by \(\displaystyle (x^2+y^2+z^2+R^2−r^2)^2=4R^2(x^2+y^2)\), where \(\displaystyle R>r>0\). The numbers \(\displaystyle R\) and \(\displaystyle r\) are called are the major and minor radii, respectively, of the surface. The following figure shows a ring torus for which \(\displaystyle R=2\) and \(\displaystyle r=1\).

    This figure is a surface inside of a box. It is a torus, a doughnut shape. The outside edges of the 3-dimensional box are scaled to represent the 3-dimensional coordinate system.

    a. Write the equation of the ring torus with \(\displaystyle R=2\) and \(\displaystyle r=1\), and use a CAS to graph the surface. Compare the graph with the figure given.

    b. Determine the equation and sketch the trace of the ring torus from a. on the XY-plane.

    c. Give two examples of objects with ring torus shapes.


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