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7.2: Decimals

  • Page ID
    32489
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    Up to now our “Dots & Boxes” model has consisted of a row of boxes extending infinitely far to the left. Why not have boxes extending to the right as well?

    Let’s work specifically with a 1←10 rule and see what boxes to the right could mean.

    decimal1-1024x171.png

    notation

    It has become convention to separate boxes to the right of the ones place with a decimal point. (At least, this is what the point is called in the base ten world… “dec” means “ten” after all!)

    What is the value of the first box to the right of the decimal point? If we denote its value as x, we have that ten x’s is equivalent to 1. (Remember, we are using a 1 ← 10 rule.)

    110-1024x325.png

    From \(10x = 1\) we get that \(x = \frac{1}{10}\).

    110label-1024x193.png

    Call the value of the next box to the right y.

    1100-1024x349.png

    From \(10y = \frac{1}{10}\) we get \(y = \frac{1}{100}\).

    If we keep doing this, we see that the boxes to the right of the decimal point represent the reciprocals of the powers of ten.

    decimalsystem-1024x191.png

    Example: 0.3

    The decimal 0.3 is represented by the picture:

    0.3-1024x197.png

    It represents three groups of \(\frac{1}{10}\), that is:

    \[0.3 = \frac{3}{10} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    Example: 0.007

    The decimal 0.007 is represented by the picture:

    0.007-1024x196.png

    It represents seven groups of \(\frac{1}{1000}\).

    Of course, some decimals represent fractions that can simplify further. For example:

    \[0.5 = \frac{5}{10} = \frac{1}{2} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    Similarly, if a fraction can be rewritten to have a denominator that is a power of ten, then it is easy to convert it to a decimal. For example, \(\frac{3}{5}\) is equivalent to \(\frac{6}{10}\), and so we have:

    \[\frac{3}{5} = \frac{6}{10} = 0.6 \ldotp \nonumber \]

    Example: 12 3/4

    Can you write \(12 \frac{3}{4}\) as a decimal? Well,

    \[12 \frac{3}{4} = 12 + \frac{3}{4} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    We can write the denominator as a power of ten using the key fraction rule:

    \[\frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{25}{25} = \frac{75}{100} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    So we see that:

    \[12 + \frac{3}{4} = 12 + \frac{75}{100} = 12.75 \ldotp \nonumber \]

    Think / Pair / Share
    • Draw a “Dots & Boxes” picture for each of the following decimals. Then say what fraction each decimal represents:$$0.09, \quad 0.003, \quad 0.7, \quad 0.0000003 \ldotp$$
    • Draw a “Dots & Boxes” picture for each of the following fractions. Then write the fraction as a decimal:$$\frac{1}{1000}, \qquad \frac{7}{100}, \qquad \frac{9}{10} \ldotp$$
    • What fractions (in simplest terms) do the following decimals represent? $$0.05, \qquad 0.2, \qquad 0.8, \qquad 0.004 \ldotp$$
    • Use the key fraction rule to write the following fractions as decimals. Do not use a calculator! $$\frac{2}{5}, \quad \frac{1}{25}, \quad \frac{1}{20}, \quad \frac{1}{200}, \quad \frac{1}{1250} \ldotp$$
    • Some people read 0.6 out loud as “point six.” Others read it out loud as “six tenths.” Which is more helpful for understanding what the number really is? Why do you think so?
    Example: 0.31

    Here is a more interesting question: What fraction is represented by the decimal 0.31?

    0.31a-1024x183.png

    There are two ways to think about this.

    Approach 1:

    From the picture of the “Dots & Boxes” model we see:

    \[0.31 = \frac{3}{10} + \frac{1}{100} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    We can add these fractions by finding a common denominator:

    \[\frac{3}{10} + \frac{1}{100} = \frac{30}{100} + \frac{1}{100} = \frac{31}{100} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    So

    \[0.31 = \frac{31}{100} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    Approach 2:

    Let’s unexplode the three dots in the \(\frac{1}{10}\) position to produce an additional 30 dots in the \(\frac{1}{100}\) position.

    0.31b-1024x189.png

    So we can see right away that

    \[0.31 = \frac{31}{100} \ldotp \nonumber \]

    On Your Own

    Work on the following exercises on your own or with a partner.

    1. Brian is having difficulty seeing that 0.47 represents the fraction \(\frac{47}{100}\). Describe the two approaches you could use to explain this to him.

    2. A teacher asked his students to each draw a “Dots & Boxes” picture of the fraction \(\frac{319}{1000}\).

    Jin drew this:

    Jin-1024x196.png

    Sonia drew this:

    Sonia-1024x197.png

    The teacher marked both students as correct.

    • Are each of these solutions correct? Explain your thinking.
    • Jin said he could get Sonia’s solution by performing some explosions. What did he mean by this? Is he right?
    1. Choose the best answer and justify your choice. The decimal 0.23 equals: $$(a)\; \frac{23}{10} \qquad (b)\; \frac{23}{100} \qquad \frac{23}{1,000} \quad (d)\; \frac{23}{10,000} \ldotp$$
    2. Choose the best answer and justify your choice. The decimal 0.0409 equals: $$(a)\; \frac{409}{100} \qquad \frac{409}{1,000} \qquad (c)\; \frac{409}{10,000} \qquad (d)\; \frac{409}{100,000} \ldotp$$
    3. Choose the best answer and justify your choice. The decimal 0.050 equals: $$(a)\; \frac{50}{100} \qquad (b)\; \frac{1}{20} \qquad (c)\; \frac{1}{200} \qquad (d)\; \text{None of these.}$$
    4. Choose the best answer and justify your choice. The decimal 0.000204 equals: $$(a)\; \frac{51}{250} \qquad (b)\; \frac{51}{2500} \qquad (c) \frac{51}{25,000} \qquad (d)\; \frac{51}{250,000} \ldotp$$
    5. What fraction is represented by each of the following decimals? $$(a)\; 0.567 \qquad (b)\; 0.031 \qquad (c)\; 0.4077 \qquad (d)\; 0.101 \ldotp$$
    6. Write each of the following fractions as decimals. Don’t use a calculator! $$(a)\; \frac{73}{100} \qquad \frac{519}{1,000} \qquad (c)\; \frac{71}{1,000} \qquad (d)\; \frac{7001}{10,000} \ldotp$$
    7. Write each of the following fractions as decimals. Don’t use a calculator! $$(a)\; \frac{7}{20} \qquad (b)\; \frac{16}{25} \qquad (c)\; \frac{301}{500} \qquad (d)\; \frac{17}{50} \qquad (e)\; \frac{3}{4} \ldotp$$
    8. Write each of the following as a fraction (or mixed number). $$(a)\; 2.3 \qquad (b)\; 17.04 \qquad (c)\; 1003.1003$$
    9. Write each of the following numbers in decimal notation. $$(a)\; 5 \frac{3}{10} \qquad (b)\; 7 \frac{1}{5} \qquad (c)\; 13 \frac{1}{2} \qquad (d)\; 106 \frac{3}{20} \qquad (e)\; \frac{78}{25} \qquad (f)\; \frac{9}{4} \qquad (g)\; \frac{131}{40}$$
    Think Pair Share

    Do 0.19 and 0.190 represent the same number or different numbers?

    Here are two dots and boxes pictures for the decimal 0.19.

    0.19a-1024x192.png

    0.19b-1024x195.png

    And here are two dots and boxes picture for the decimal 0.190.

    0.190a-1024x191.png

    0.190b-1024x192.png

    • Explain how one “unexplosion” establishes that the first picture of 0.19 is equivalent to the second picture of 0.19.
    • Explain how several unexplosions establishes that the first picture of 0.190 is equivalent to the second picture of 0.190.
    • Use explosions and unexplosions to show that all four pictures are equivalent to each other.
    • So … does 0.19 represent the same number as 0.190?

    This page titled 7.2: Decimals is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Michelle Manes via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.