Often all that we know about actors and events is simple co-presence. In cases like this, the scaling methods in the last section can be applied, but one should be very cautious about the results. Thi...Often all that we know about actors and events is simple co-presence. In cases like this, the scaling methods in the last section can be applied, but one should be very cautious about the results. This is because the various dimensional methods operate on similarity/distance matrices, and measures like correlations (as used in two-mode factor analysis) can be misleading with binary data. Even correspondence analysis, which is more friendly to binary data, can be troublesome when data are sparse.