On a set of integers, there are two basic binary operations, namely addition (denoted by +) and multiplication (denoted by ⋅), which satisfy the following well-known properties: Commutativity of ad...On a set of integers, there are two basic binary operations, namely addition (denoted by +) and multiplication (denoted by ⋅), which satisfy the following well-known properties: Commutativity of addition and multiplication, Associativity of addition and multiplication, and Distributivity of multiplication over addition