1.7.1: Key Terms

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Key Terms

absolute value: The absolute value of a number is its distance from $0$ on the number line.

additive identity: The number 0 is the additive identity because adding 0 to any number does not change its value.

additive inverse: The opposite of a number is its additive inverse.

coefficient: The coefficient of a term is the constant that multiplies the variable in a term.

complex fraction: A fraction in which the numerator or the denominator is a fraction is called a complex fraction.

composite number: A composite number is a counting number that is not prime. It has factors other than 1 and the number itself.

constant: A constant is a number whose value always stays the same.

denominator: In a fraction, written $\frac{a}{b},$ where $b \neq 0,$ the denominator b is the number of equal parts the whole has been divided into.

divisible by a number: If a number m is a multiple of n, then m is divisible by n.

equation: An equation is two expressions connected by an equal sign.

equivalent fractions: Equivalent fractions are fractions that have the same value.

evaluate an expression: To evaluate an expression means to find the value of the expression when the variables are replaced by given numbers.

expression: An expression is a number, a variable, or a combination of numbers and variables using operation symbols.

factors: If $a \cdot b = m,$ then a and b are factors of m.

fraction: A fraction is written $\frac{a}{b},$ where $b \neq 0,$ and a is the numerator and b is the denominator. A fraction represents parts of a whole.

integers: The whole numbers and their opposites are called the integers.

irrational number: An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. Its decimal form does not stop and does not repeat.

least common denominator: The least common denominator (LCD) of two fractions is the least common multiple (LCM) of their denominators.

least common multiple: The least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of both numbers.

like terms: Terms that are either constants or have the same variables raised to the same powers are called like terms.

multiple of a number: A number is a multiple of n if it is the product of a counting number and n.

multiplicative identity: The number 1 is the multiplicative identity because multiplying 1 by any number does not change its value.

multiplicative inverse: The reciprocal of a number is its multiplicative inverse.

negative numbers: Numbers less than $0$ are negative numbers.

numerator: In a fraction, written $\frac{a}{b},$ where $b \neq 0,$ the numerator a indicates how many parts are included.

opposite: The opposite of a number is the number that is the same distance from zero on the number line but on the opposite side of zero.

order of operations: The order of operations are established guidelines for simplifying an expression.

percent: A percent is a ratio whose denominator is 100.

prime factorization: The prime factorization of a number is the product of prime numbers that equals the number.

prime number: A prime number is a counting number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and the number itself.

principal square root: The positive square root is called the principal square root.

rational number: A rational number is a number of the form $\frac{p}{q},$ where p and q are integers and $q \neq 0 .$ Its decimal form stops or repeats.

real number: A real number is a number that is either rational or irrational.

reciprocal: The reciprocal of a fraction is found by inverting the fraction, placing the numerator in the denominator and the denominator in the numerator.

simplify an expression: To simplify an expression means to do all the math possible.

square of a number: If $n^{2} = m,$ then m is the square of n.

square root of a number: If $n^{2} = m,$ then n is a square root of m.

term: A term is a constant, or the product of a constant and one or more variables.

variable: A variable is a letter that represents a number whose value may change.

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