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Mathematics LibreTexts

12.4.5: Chapter 5

  • Page ID
    119026
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    Be Prepared

    5.1

    Four million, nine hundred twenty-six thousand, fifteen

    5.2

    750 750

    5.4

    7 10 7 10

    5.5

    27 100 27 100

    5.6

    4 4

    5.7

    0 . 03 0 . 03

    5.8

    > >

    5.9

    < <

    5.10

    5 12 5 12

    5.11

    20 20

    5.12

    294 294

    5.13

    5 5

    5.14

    50 50

    5.15

    2.5 2.5

    5.16

    2 3 2 3

    5.17

    0.24 0.24

    5.18

    6 11 6 11

    5.19

    81 81

    5.20

    3.85 3.85

    5.21

    960 960

    Try It

    5.1
    1. six and seven tenths
    2. nineteen and fifty-eight hundredths
    3. eighteen thousandths
    4. negative two and fifty-three thousandths
    5.2
    1. five and eight tenths
    2. three and fifty-seven hundredths
    3. five thousandths
    4. negative thirteen and four hundred sixty-one thousandths
    5.3

    13.68

    5.4

    5.894

    5.5

    0.058

    5.6

    0.067

    5.7
    1. 5 3 10 5 3 10
    2. 6710067100
    3. 117 500 117 500
    5.8
    1. 8 7 10 8 7 10
    2. 1 3 100 1 3 100
    3. 3 125 3 125
    5.13
    1. >
    2. >
    5.14
    1. <
    2. <
    5.15

    >

    5.16

    >

    5.17

    1.05

    5.18

    9.17

    5.19
    1. 6.58
    2. 6.6
    3. 7
    5.20
    1. 15.218
    2. 15.22
    3. 15.2
    5.21

    17.6

    5.22

    33.11

    5.23

    16.49

    5.24

    23.593

    5.25

    0.42

    5.26

    12.58

    5.27

    −1.53

    5.28

    −3.58

    5.29

    27.4815

    5.30

    87.6148

    5.31

    −13.427

    5.32

    −38.122

    5.33

    0.00348

    5.34

    0.00603

    5.35
    1. 25.8
    2. 258
    3. 2,580
    5.36
    1. 142
    2. 1,420
    3. 14,200
    5.37

    0.07

    5.38

    0.08

    5.39

    $0.19

    5.40

    $0.42

    5.41

    −0.39

    5.42

    −0.4

    5.43

    587.3

    5.44

    34.25

    5.45

    200

    5.46

    350

    5.47

    $16.52

    5.48

    $65.97

    5.49

    $41.28

    5.50

    $48.75

    5.51

    $15.47

    5.52

    $14.25

    5.53

    $5.97

    5.54

    $43.00

    5.55

    0.25

    5.56

    0.375

    5.57

    −2.25

    5.58

    −5.5

    5.59

    2 . 45 2 . 45

    5.60

    2.3 18 2.3 18

    5.61

    5.275

    5.62

    6.35

    5.63

    >

    5.64

    <

    5.65

    <

    5.66

    >

    5.67

    4 5 , 0.82 , 7 8 4 5 , 0.82 , 7 8

    5.68

    3 4 , 13 16 , 0.835 3 4 , 13 16 , 0.835

    5.69
    1. −183.2
    2. 4.5
    5.70
    1. −776.25
    2. 2.2
    5.71

    11.16

    5.72

    1.51

    5.73
    1. 314 in.
    2. 7850 sq. in.
    5.74
    1. 628 ft.
    2. 31,400 sq. ft.
    5.75
    1. 325.304 cm
    2. 8425.3736 sq. cm
    5.76
    1. 165.792 m
    2. 2188.4544 sq. m
    5.77
    1. 220 147 m 220 147 m
    2. 550 3087 sq. m 550 3087 sq. m
    5.78
    1. 40 21 in. 40 21 in.
    2. 200 693 sq.in. 200 693 sq.in.
    5.79
    1. no
    2. yes
    3. no
    5.80
    1. yes
    2. no
    3. no
    5.81

    y = −8

    5.82

    y = −8.4

    5.83

    a = 1.07

    5.84

    n = 0.83

    5.85

    b = −12

    5.86

    c = −8

    5.87

    c = 11.7

    5.88

    b = 6.48

    5.89

    y − 4.9 = 2.8; y = 7.7

    5.90

    z − 5.7 = 3.4; z = 9.1

    5.91

    −4.3x = 12.04; x = −2.8

    5.92

    −3.1m = 26.66; m = −8.6

    5.93

    q −3.4 = 4.5 ; q = −15.3 q −3.4 = 4.5 ; q = −15.3

    5.94

    r −2.6 = 2.5 ; r = −6.5 r −2.6 = 2.5 ; r = −6.5

    5.95

    j + 3.8 = 2.6; j = −1.2

    5.96

    k + 4.7 = 0.3; k = −4.4

    5.97

    8.5

    5.98

    9

    5.99

    21.5 years

    5.100

    10

    5.101

    $7.19

    5.102

    $39.62

    5.103

    43

    5.104

    30

    5.105

    8.5

    5.106

    20.5

    5.109

    21

    5.111
    1. 1 10 1 10
    2. 0.1 0.1
    5.112
    1. 1 20 1 20
    2. 0.05 0.05
    5.113
    1. 5 8 5 8
    2. 0.625 0.625
    5.114
    1. 2 8 2 8
    2. 0.25 0.25
    5.115
    1. 3838
    2. 3232
    5.116
    1. 3838
    2. 3232
    5.117
    1. 2 5 2 5
    2. 10 3 10 3
    5.118
    1. 2929
    2. 5151
    5.119

    2 3 2 3

    5.120

    9 22 9 22

    5.121

    37 8 37 8

    5.122

    102 19 102 19

    5.123

    8 3 8 3

    5.124

    2 9 2 9

    5.125

    123 miles 2 hours 123 miles 2 hours

    5.126

    121 miles 3 hours 121 miles 3 hours

    5.127

    $18.00/hour

    5.128

    $19.00/hour

    5.129

    23.5 mpg

    5.130

    28 mpg

    5.131

    $0.29/box

    5.132

    $0.53/bottle

    5.133

    Brand A costs $0.11 per bag. Brand B costs $0.13 per bag. Brand A is the better buy.

    5.134

    Brand C costs $0.07 per ounce. Brand D costs $0.09 per ounce. Brand C is the better buy.

    5.135
    1. 689 mi/h hours
    2. y parents/22 students
    3. $d/9 min
    5.136
    1. m mi/9 h
    2. x students/8 buses
    3. $y/40 h
    5.137
    1. 6
    2. 13
    5.138
    1. 4
    2. 14
    5.139
    1. −2
    2. −15
    5.140
    1. −9
    2. −8
    5.141
    1. not a real number
    2. −9
    5.142
    1. not a real number
    2. −11
    5.143
    1. 7
    2. 5
    5.144
    1. 17
    2. 23
    5.145

    6 < 38 < 7 6 < 38 < 7

    5.146

    9 < 84 < 10 9 < 84 < 10

    5.147

    ≈ 3.32

    5.148

    ≈ 3.61

    5.151

    8x

    5.152

    13y

    5.153

    −11y

    5.154

    −10p

    5.155

    10ab

    5.156

    15mn

    5.157

    19.2 feet

    5.158

    52 centimeters

    5.159

    9 seconds

    5.160

    3.5 seconds

    5.161

    42.7 mph

    5.162

    54.1 mph

    Section 5.1 Exercises

    1.

    five and five tenths

    3.

    five and one hundredth

    5.

    eight and seventy-one hundredths

    7.

    two thousandths

    9.

    three hundred eighty-one thousandths

    11.

    negative seventeen and nine tenths

    13.

    8.03

    15.

    29.81

    17.

    0.7

    19.

    0.001

    21.

    0.029

    23.

    −11.0009

    25.

    13.0395

    27.

    1 99 100 1 99 100

    29.

    15 7 10 15 7 10

    31.

    239 1000 239 1000

    33.

    13 100 13 100

    35.

    11 1000 11 1000

    37.

    7 100000 7 100000

    39.

    6 2 5 6 2 5

    41.

    7 1 20 7 1 20

    43.

    4 3 500 4 3 500

    45.

    10 1 4 10 1 4

    47.

    1 81 250 1 81 250

    49.

    14 1 8 14 1 8

    51. There is a number line shown with integers from negative 4 to 4. There is a red dot between 0 and 1 labeled 0.8.
    53. There is a number line shown with integers from negative 4 to 4. There is a red dot between negative 1 and  0 labeled negative 0.2.
    55. This is an image of a number line. It spans from negative 5 on the left to 5 on the right. To the right of 0 are tick marks with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on the number line. To the left of the zero are tick marks with the numbers negative 1, negative 2, negative 3, negative 4, and negative 5. A point is plotted at 3.1.
    57. There is a number line shown with integers from negative 4 to 4. There is a red dot between negative 3 and negative 2 labeled negative 2.5.
    59.

    >

    61.

    <

    63.

    >

    65.

    >

    67.

    <

    69.

    <

    71.

    0.7

    73.

    2.8

    75.

    0.85

    77.

    5.79

    79.

    0.30

    81.

    4.10

    83.
    1. 5.78
    2. 5.8
    3. 6
    85.
    1. 63.48
    2. 63.5
    3. 63
    87.
    1. $58,966
    2. $59,000
    3. $60,000
    89.
    1. $142.19
    2. $142
    91.

    Answers will vary.

    93.

    Tim had the faster time. 12.3 is less than 12.32, so Tim had the faster time.

    Section 5.2 Exercises

    95.

    24.48

    97.

    170.88

    99.

    −9.23

    101.

    49.73

    103.

    −40.91

    105.

    −7.22

    107.

    −13.5

    109.

    35.8

    111.

    −27.5

    113.

    15.73

    115.

    42.51

    117.

    102.212

    119.

    51.31

    121.

    −4.89

    123.

    0.12

    125.

    0.144

    127.

    42.008

    129.

    26.7528

    131.

    −11.653

    133.

    337.8914

    135.

    2.2302

    137.

    1.305

    139.

    92.4

    141.

    55,200

    143.

    0.03

    145.

    0.19

    147.

    $0.71

    149.

    $2.44

    151.

    3

    153.

    −4.8

    155.

    35

    157.

    2.08

    159.

    150

    161.

    20

    163.

    19.2

    165.

    12.09

    167.

    32.706

    169.

    $48.60

    171.

    20

    173.

    2

    175.

    $17.80

    177.

    $24.89

    179.

    $29.06

    181.

    $3.19

    183.

    181.7 pounds

    185.

    $15.00

    187.

    $296.00

    189.

    $12.75

    191.
    1. $3
    2. $2
    3. $1.50
    4. $1.20
    5. $1
    193.

    $18.64

    195.

    $259.45

    197.
    1. $243.57
    2. $79.35
    199.

    The difference: 0.03 seconds. Three hundredths of a second.

    Section 5.3 Exercises

    201.

    0.4

    203.

    −0.375

    205.

    0.85

    207.

    2.75

    209.

    −12.4

    211.

    0 . 5 0 . 5

    213.

    1 . 36 1 . 36

    215.

    0 . 135 0 . 135

    217.

    7

    219.

    3.025

    221.

    10.58

    223.

    <

    225.

    >

    227.

    <

    229.

    <

    231.

    >

    233.

    >

    235.

    0.55 , 9 16 , 3 5 0.55 , 9 16 , 3 5

    237.

    5 8 , 13 20 , 0.702 5 8 , 13 20 , 0.702

    239.

    7 20 , 1 3 , 0.3 7 20 , 1 3 , 0.3

    241.

    7 9 , 3 4 , −0.7 7 9 , 3 4 , −0.7

    243.

    −187

    245.

    295.12

    247.

    6.15

    249.

    20.2

    251.

    107.11

    253.

    449

    255.

    9.14

    257.

    −0.23

    259.

    −3.25

    261.

    16.29

    263.

    632.045

    265.

    −5.742

    267.
    1. 31.4 in
    2. 78.5 sq.in.
    269.
    1. 56.52.ft.
    2. 254.34 sq.ft.
    271.
    1. 288.88 cm
    2. 6644.24 sq.cm
    273.
    1. 116.808 m
    2. 1086.3144 sq.m
    275.
    1. 22 5 mile 22 5 mile
    2. 77 50 sq.mile 77 50 sq.mile
    277.
    1. 33 14 yard 33 14 yard
    2. 99 224 sq.yard 99 224 sq.yard
    279.
    1. 55 21 m 55 21 m
    2. 275 504 sq.m 275 504 sq.m
    281.

    $56.66

    283.

    Answers will vary.

    Section 5.4 Exercises

    285.
    1. no
    2. no
    3. yes
    287.
    1. no
    2. yes
    3. no
    289.

    y = 2.8

    291.

    f = −0.85

    293.

    a = −7.9

    295.

    c = −4.65

    297.

    n = 4.4

    299.

    x = −3.5

    301.

    j = −4.68

    303.

    m = −1.42

    305.

    x = 7

    307.

    c = −5

    309.

    p = 3

    311.

    q = −80

    313.

    x = 20

    315.

    z = 2.7

    317.

    a = −8

    319.

    x = −0.28

    321.

    p = 8.25

    323.

    r = 7.2

    325.

    x = −6

    327.

    p = −10

    329.

    m = 8

    331.

    q = 3 4 q = 3 4

    333.

    m = 4 35 m = 4 35

    335.

    y = 25 24 y = 25 24

    337.

    f = 11 20 f = 11 20

    339.

    a = −0.8

    341.

    r = −1.45

    343.

    h = 24

    345.

    n 1.9 = 3.4 ; 5.3 n 1.9 = 3.4 ; 5.3

    347.

    −6.2x = −4.96; 0.8

    349.

    y 1.7 = −5 ; 8.5 y 1.7 = −5 ; 8.5

    351.

    n + (−7.3) = 2.4; 9.7

    353.

    $104

    355.

    Answers will vary.

    Section 5.5 Exercises

    357.

    4

    359.

    35

    361.

    245.5

    363.

    11.65

    365.

    $18.84

    367.

    19.5 minutes

    369.

    0.329

    371.

    21

    373.

    45

    375.

    4.5

    377.

    99.65

    379.

    $6.50

    381.

    40.5 months

    383.

    2

    385.

    22

    387.

    2 children

    389.

    11 units

    391.

    1 20 , 0.05 1 20 , 0.05

    393.

    1 24 , 0.041 6 0.042 1 24 , 0.041 6 0.042

    395.

    2 5 , 0.4 2 5 , 0.4

    397.

    5 7 , 0 . 714285 ——— 0.714 5 7 , 0 . 714285 ——— 0.714

    399.
    1. $285.47
    2. $275.63
    3. $236.25
    401.

    Answers will vary.

    Section 5.6 Exercises

    403.

    5 9 5 9

    405.

    7 8 7 8

    407.

    7 3 7 3

    409.

    7 3 7 3

    411.

    1 5 1 5

    413.

    10 17 10 17

    415.

    5 4 5 4

    417.

    2 7 2 7

    419.

    11 4 11 4

    421.

    1 3 1 3

    423.

    6 23 6 23

    425.

    82 15 82 15

    427.

    35 9 35 9

    429.

    9 4 9 4

    431.

    35 calories 3 ounces 35 calories 3 ounces

    433.

    41 lbs 15 sq. in . 41 lbs 15 sq. in .

    435.

    488 miles 7 hours 488 miles 7 hours

    437.

    $119 8 hours $119 8 hours

    439.

    11.67 calories/ounce

    441.

    2.73 lbs./sq. in.

    443.

    69.71 mph

    445.

    $14.88/hour

    447.

    32 mpg

    449.

    2.69 lbs./week

    451.

    92 beats/minute

    453.

    8,000

    455.

    $1.09/bar

    457.

    $1.33/pair

    459.

    $0.48/pack

    461.

    $0.60/disc

    463.

    $1.29/box

    465.

    The 50.7-ounce size costs $0.138 per ounce. The 33.8-ounce size costs $0.142 per ounce. The 50.7-ounce size is the better buy.

    467.

    The 18-ounce size costs $0.222 per ounce. The 14-ounce size costs $0.235 per ounce. The 18-ounce size is a better buy.

    469.

    The regular bottle costs $0.075 per ounce. The squeeze bottle costs $0.069 per ounce. The squeeze bottle is a better buy.

    471.

    The half-pound block costs $6.78/lb, so the 1-lb. block is a better buy.

    473.

    793 miles p hours 793 miles p hours

    475.

    $3 0.5 lbs . $3 0.5 lbs .

    477.

    105 calories x ounces 105 calories x ounces

    479.

    y 5 x y 5 x

    481.

    15.2 students per teacher

    483.
    1. 72 calories/ounce
    2. 3.87 grams of fat/ounce
    3. 5.73 grams carbs/ounce
    4. 3.33 grams protein/ounce
    485.

    Answers will vary.

    487.

    Kathryn should swim for approximately 16.35 minutes. Explanations will vary.

    Section 5.7 Exercises

    489.

    6

    491.

    8

    493.

    −2

    495.

    −1

    497.

    not a real number

    499.

    not a real number

    501.

    5

    503.

    7

    505.

    8 < 70 < 9 8 < 70 < 9

    507.

    14 < 200 < 15 14 < 200 < 15

    509.

    4.36

    511.

    7.28

    513.

    y

    515.

    7x

    517.

    −8a

    519.

    12xy

    521.

    8.7 feet

    523.

    8 seconds

    525.

    15.8 seconds

    527.

    72 mph

    529.

    53.0 mph

    531.

    45 inches

    533.

    Answers will vary. 92 reads: “nine squared” and means nine times itself. The expression 99 reads: “the square root of nine” which gives us the number such that if it were multiplied by itself would give you the number inside of the square root.

    Review Exercises

    535.

    three hundred seventy-five thousandths

    537.

    five and twenty-four hundredths

    539.

    negative four and nine hundredths

    541.

    0.09

    543.

    10.035

    545.

    −0.05

    547.

    33 40 33 40

    549.

    3 16 25 3 16 25

    551.

    <

    553.

    <

    555.
    1. 12.53
    2. 12.5
    3. 13
    557.
    1. 5.90
    2. 5.9
    3. 6
    559.

    24.67

    561.

    24.831

    563.

    −2.37

    565.

    −1.6

    567.

    15,400

    569.

    0.18

    571.

    4

    573.

    200

    575.

    $28.22

    577.

    $1.79

    579.

    0.875

    581.

    −5.25

    583.

    0 . 54 0 . 54

    585.

    >

    587.

    >

    589.

    >

    591.

    11 15 , 0.75 , 7 9 11 15 , 0.75 , 7 9

    593.

    6.03

    595.

    1.975

    597.

    −0.22

    599.
    1. 21.98 ft.
    2. 38.465 sq.ft.
    601.
    1. 34.54 cm
    2. 94.985 sq.cm
    603.
    1. no
    2. yes
    605.
    1. no
    2. yes
    607.

    h = −3.51

    609.

    p = 2.65

    611.

    j = 3.72

    613.

    x = −4

    615.

    a = −7.2

    617.

    s = 25

    619.

    −5.9x = −3.54; x = 0.6

    621.

    m + (−4.03) = 6.8; m = 10.83

    623.

    $269.10

    625.

    $40.94

    627.

    24.5

    629.

    16 clients

    631.

    2

    633.

    1 5 ; 0.2 1 5 ; 0.2

    635.

    7 4 7 4

    637.

    2 3 2 3

    639.

    4 9 4 9

    641.

    7 9 7 9

    643.

    12 pounds 1 square inch 12 pounds 1 square inch

    645.

    $35 2 hours $35 2 hours

    647.

    12 pounds/sq.in.

    649.

    $17.50/hour

    651.

    $0.42

    653.

    $1.65

    655.

    $0.11, $0.12; 60 tablets for $6.49

    657.

    a adults 45 children a adults 45 children

    659.

    19 3 + n 19 3 + n

    661.

    12

    663.

    −9

    665.

    not a real number

    667.

    17

    669.

    12 < 155 < 13 12 < 155 < 13

    671.

    7.55

    673.

    8b

    675.

    15mn

    677.

    7y

    679.

    11cd

    681.

    5.5 feet

    683.

    72 mph

    Practice Test

    685.

    1 73 100 1 73 100

    687.
    1. 16.7
    2. 16.75
    3. 17
    689.

    18.42

    691.

    0.192

    693.

    −0.08

    695.

    2

    697.

    200

    699.

    1.975

    701.

    −1.2

    703.

    8.8

    705.

    $26.45

    707.
    1. 52.1
    2. 51.5
    3. 55
    709.

    The unit prices are $0.172 per ounce for 64 ounces, and $0.177 per ounce for 48 ounces; 64 ounces is the better buy.

    711.

    12n

    713.

    15 feet


    12.4.5: Chapter 5 is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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