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Mathematics LibreTexts

3: Modular Arithmetic

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Modular Arithmetic begins with a modulus "n", n must be a member of Z+.

Modulus "n" divides all the integers into congruent or residue classes. These classes are determined by the remainder after division.

The modulus must always be set in advance; for example n=2,n=5,n=15.

Remainders are always 0,,n1.

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