3: Modular Arithmetic
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Modular Arithmetic begins with a modulus "n", n must be a member of Z+.
Modulus "n" divides all the integers into congruent or residue classes. These classes are determined by the remainder after division.
The modulus must always be set in advance; for example n=2,n=5,n=15.
Remainders are always 0,⋯,n−1.
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